... . Abstract This work applied the Wet Gas-Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (WG-ICDA) standard to assess the severity of internal corrosion of 2 segments along a pipeline used to transport wet gas from a gas mine in Sichuan Province, China. The four sequential steps including (1) pre-assessment, (2...

... the wall shear stress. The parameters of HTHP-RC are shown in Table 1 . The equation for calculating wall shear stress for the rotating cage is expressed as ⁹ : In this paper, high temperature and high pressure rotating cages (HTHP-RC) and a wet gas flow loop was employed to simulate typical...

...An oil and gas operator experienced a corrosion failure below the point of injection of corrosion inhibitor in a wet gas system. The corrosion inhibitor has been previously qualified and corrosion rates of the neat corrosion inhibitor observed in the initial qualification were much lower than what...

...H₂S CO₂ API 5LX-52 1% Ni steel welds wet gas fracture toughness plasticity tensile tests notched slow strain rate tests compact tension specimens INTRODUCTION Abstract This study presents slow strain rate, notched slow strain rate and compact tension test data...

...Abstract This paper describes the first implementation of a complete four-step wet gas internal corrosion direct assessment (WG-ICDA) ¹ for a high-pressure natural gas transmission pipeline in Kuwait in compliance with NACE SP0110. The preassessment step collected physical...

...Abstract In multiphase wet gas systems with stratified flow, condensation of water and/or hydrocarbon occurs at the top of the line because of a temperature gradient between the internal and external environments of the pipeline. Acidic gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and even...

... inhibitor performance as function of flow velocity. Results of two different inhibitors are presented. Inhibitor Flow-Loop Superficial Wet Gas Erosion Corrosion At the end of the test run, samples were extracted from the test rig and immediately flushed with ethanol and dried. After that, there was done...

...Abstract For their superior CO₂ corrosion resistance and relatively low cost, the new generation of low Cr (3 to 5%) bearing steels seem to be a good choice to meet the demand of preventing wet CO₂ corrosion of sub-sea wet gas pipelines. The data of extensive laboratory...

...) Corrosion Top of line Corrosion affects wet gas pipelines, and is not considered by standard tests cited here. Several references ^{17 - 20} describe methods to assess TOLC, but each of the tests was performed using different design test apparatus. A continuously injected corrosion inhibitor would...

... transporting wet gas with high H₂S and CO₂ partial pressures, especially for sour and wet gas pipelines^{[ 7 - 11 ]}. However, the corrosion mechanisms under H₂S/CO₂ coexistence conditions is still poorly understood, especially on wet sour gas environment...

...These wet gas gathering lines are characterized by large seasonal variations of the gas-to-liquid volume ratio with possible concomitant variations of the water composition (through variations of the condensing water/formation water ratio). Those variations also come with seasonal reversal...

... for the study of wet gas systems because it impacts the water content in the gathering network on surface utilities. This parameter (WGR_field) is evaluated in gram of water per (n)m.3 of gas and represents the total mass of liquid water for one (n)m³ of gas in a pipe. Fluids Two different...

... . * Current address: BP America Inc., Houston, TX 77079, U.S.A Abstract This study investigates localized CO₂ corrosion on carbon steels in wet gas services both experimentally and theoretically. A 100 mm I.D., 40 meter long flow loop is employed to perform the corrosion studies along the top...

... to be stressed that all these studies have been conducted in single-phase water flow. There are no studies on localized corrosion conducted under wet gas flow conditions. Hence, an extrapolation of these results achieved in single-phase flow to multiphase flows under field conditions is uncertain. In wet gas...

...Abstract Wet gas corrosion rates of C1018 steel at the top and bottom of a high pressure 10 cm diameter horizontal pipeline have been measured under annular flow conditions at 0.45 MPa CO₂ and 90°C. The corrosive medium consists of de-ionized water and a low viscosity hydrocarbon phase...

... electrochemistry production chemicals oil production wet gas hydrate inhibitor INTRODUCTION With increasingly severe producing conditions encountered as deeper and deeper waters are explored, control and maintenance of oil and gas production are critical issues. Integrity aspects including corrosion, and flow...

... inhibition as a viable and cost-effective option for the development of a pipeline system for the transportation of wet corrosive multiphase hydrocarbon fluids at high velocity. wet gas CO₂ corrosion high velocity corrosion inhibition and inhibitors INTRODUCTION As more and more energy...

...carbon dioxide grooving hydrotest corrosion rate prediction wet gas INTRODUCTION Abstract The failure of a pipeline used to transport wet CO₂ containing gas has highlighted the limitations that both intelligent surveys and ultrasonic testing (UT) inspection can have...

...Abstract Corrosion monitoring of offshore, long-distance, wet gas pipelines containing carbon dioxide is one of the more challenging problems facing the industry. New pipelines face the problem of reliably measuring meaningful data, while older pipelines are under the most scrutiny to justify...

... of a liquid hydrocarbon phase is included. Equations are presented which enable the effect of glycol injection on corrosion to be calculated along the length of a pipeline. Combination of effects in the model is discussed. carbon dioxide wet gas condensation iron carbonate glycol corrosion model...