...This particular fixed delay is a 500 ms delay and results in a failing “Instant Off” potential. The optimum “Instant Off” potential occurs approximately 250 ms prior to this point and could only be captured using a detailed waveform analysis. CP Data Validity When a technician collects CP data...

... has also been performed. AC corrosion waveform pitting hydrogen charging potential shift INTRODUCTION Alternating current (AC) corrosion in buried pipelines has been widely studied and reported in literature in the recent years. The influence of stray currents ^{1 - 5} and interference...

... routine annual surveys. Close Interval Potential Survey CIS Interference Influence Waveform INTRODUCTION Decisions about which influencing current sources to interrupt during a CIS are usually the most difficult to plan for prior to conducting a survey. An interruption plan is often...

... by most cathodic protection field personnel. This study was an attempt to verify the existence of positive spiking in DC ripple, and possible results. During the project one hundred cathodic protection (CP)rectifiers were observed and oscilloscope waveforms recorded in Tyler, TX. in Bishop, TX stainless...

...If the waveform is periodic, that is f(t+T) = f(t), then T is normally taken to be one period of the function. In equation (1) a waveform with equal positive and negative areas over a single period, such as a sine wave, will have an average value...