... of these factors include understanding all pipeline physical parameters, compliance with ILI vendor tool operational limits; such as magnetization capability, velocity, differential pressure and temperature requirements, and compliance with sound operational practices for launching and receiving of ILI tools...

... clearly demonstrated that NH₄HS concentration, flow velocity (wall shear stress), H₂S partial pressure, and free cyanide concentration in the NH₄HS solution are the key parameters driving severity of refinery sour water corrosion. The effect of temperature was also...

... aeration, and at different velocities. The results show that in high purity deionized (DI) water with oxygen, the corrosion rates were initially very high but dropped rapidly within a few hours to <100μm/yr. In jet impingement of DI water with oxygen, the corrosion rates dropped even lower, approaching...

... a broader understanding of this effect in the form of empirical correlations. Key aspects of interpreting wall shear stress trends, parametric behavior and corrosion response in amines and sour water solutions are discussed. wall shear stress velocity laboratory tests flow loops corrosion flow assisted...

.... Cooling water heat exchangers skin temperature residence time hydraulic balance hydrothermal stress velocity pretreatment process inleakage contingency treatment approaches fouling general and localized corrosion biological control monitoring modeling INTRODUCTION Although the cost of water...

... velocity high temperature sulphidation fouling thinning bulging impingement INTRODUCTION Atmospheric Residue Desulfurization (ARDS) is a well established hydro treating process, operated primarily to desulfurize atmospheric residues from Crude units and to prepare feed stocks for downstream...

... paper. Abstract The performance of API-5L-X65 carbon steel in saturated-CO₂ erosion-corrosion environments was studied using a Box–Benhnken design of experiments with three important variables (sand loading, velocity and corrosion inhibitor), which affect the performance of material...

... saturated conditions at a fluid velocity of 7m/s with sand loadings of 0mg/L and 100mg/L. The effects of flow-induced corrosion and erosion-corrosion were studied using gravimetric techniques. Mechanisms were discussed based upon results obtained from micro-structural studies. erosion corrosion flow...

... the impact of several process variables including NH₄HS concentration, NH₃ partial pressure, H₂S partial pressure, temperature, cyanide concentration, and velocity (wall shear stress). Data collected from laboratory tests designed to characterize these process variables were...

... ammonium chloride deposits in a "dry" pressure relief valve header; 2) Wet sulfide corrosion on 70/30 Cu/Ni exchanger tubes; and 3) Velocity accelerated corrosion at the outlet elbows of these exchangers. The severity of these mechanisms correlated well with variations in unit operating conditions. Several...

... control is complex due to different variables such as velocity, temperature, pressure, concentration of corrosive species, dissolved oxygen, amine concentration, acid gas loadings, H₂S stripping, filtration and fouling, greater emphasis is required in managing the corrosion challenges to ensure...

... a slightly different perspective, individually examining the effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, and liquid velocity on corrosion of carbon steel. Model results will be compared with literature data and laboratory experiments. Environmental conditions will be limited to near neutral pH (5-9...

... (ICPM) NDE ILI WG-ICDA excavations inhibitor availability monitoring validation flow regime mass transfer fluid hydrodynamic velocity pressure solids INTRODUCTION Internal and external corrosion conjointly, remain a leading degradation mode and cause of pipeline failures and are perhaps...

... a software tool to predict the corrosion rate of 14 materials evaluated in the program. sour water ammonium bisulfide NH₄HS hydrogen sulfide H₂S partial pressure isocorrosion diagram temperature chloride hydrocarbon velocity wall shear stress ammonium polysulfide APS...

... measurements were made at 1000 rpm with continuous sparge with CO₂ at a temperature of 55°C, as shown in Figure 2 . The RCE is operated at temperature and velocity for ½ hour without any chemical addition. For the continuous inhibitor testing, the chemical sample (neat) is injected using...

... and ultimately save operators time and money. To identify the effect of temperature on straight beam (0°) ultrasonic thickness values (i.e., changes in the sound velocity), experiments were conducted using carbon steel, two low-alloy steels, and 316 stainless steel materials at temperatures ranging from 70°F...

... can be performed. At higher speeds a single multi-phase emulsion and a gas phase occur with the capability of generating shear stresses up to 75 Pa. Test results involving inhibitor evaluations are also presented. Corrosion inhibition velocity corrosion monitoring INTRODUCTION Operation of subsea...

... is very expensive and can easily exceed the cost of the treatments. Fluid velocity is widely believed to be an important factor in the removal of inhibitor films. However, other well characteristics such as water cut could be important. This paper presents the results of a test program aimed at developing...

...Abstract Laboratory test techniques have evaluated the performance of corrosion inhibitors in actual or simulated oil or hydrocarbon condensates under dynamic flow conditions. The corrosion inhibitor performance was dependent on fluid velocity. Among the test methods used, the gear pump flow loop...

... temperature. Temperatures from 20°C to 850°C are achievable with a temperature variation not exceeding 10°C over the test range. Particle velocities were determined using a computer program.[ 8 ] The material wastage of specimens was determined by weight measurement and by measuring the cross-sectional...