... the formulas for PSP and telluric current within a single pipeline section. Then show how equivalent-pi circuits can be combined to model a 3-section pipeline and how to calculate the PSP at the nodes (junctions of sections) in this case. Finally we show how the methodology for a completely general pipeline...

...Abstract The geomagnetic field fluctuations are accompanied by the geo-electric (telluric) field and telluric currents at the surface of the Earth and in the pipelines. These telluric currents disturb pipeline cathodic protection levels, creating pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) fluctuations...

...Abstract Telluric currents interfere with cathodic protection systems and cause variations in pipe-to-soil potentials, which can exceed the levels recommended for protection of the pipeline steel. The amplitudes of telluric currents observed in a pipeline depend on three factors: (1) the level...

... χ Abstract Telluric currents produce variations in pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) that take the pipeline outside the voltage range for cathodic protection and interfere with potential surveys. The size of the PSP variation depends on a variety of factors related both to the natural environment...

...ANALYSIS OF TELLURIC ACTIVITY IN CANADA Abstract Telluric currents cause variations in pipe-to-soil potentials, which can override a pipeline’s cathodic protection system. The cumulative effect of the “unprotected” time can be significant in areas where telluric activity is high...

... orders of magnitude), the electric field is reduced at the pipeline depth (4 m) by a factor of three. This result applies for AC-induction as well as for natural geomagnetic induction. This effect should be taken into account in evaluation of telluric currents in pipelines under sea water and for ac...

... Hertz (Hz). Telluric currents are caused by electric currents in the ionosphere, 100 kilometers (km) above the earth’s surface, varying on time scales from seconds to days. Although the heights and frequencies of the currents are different in these two situations, the underlying physical process...

... telluric currents pipeline modeling INTRODUCTION (5) E i n c = E 0 exp ( − k 1 z ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ α n I n ( k 1 r ) cos n ϕ The theory of electromagnetic induction in cylindrical structures can be named “classical” and is well developed...

...Abstract Telluric currents cause variations in pipe-to-soil potentials that take the potentials outside the desired range for cathodic protection. This paper reviews the causes of telluric currents, such as geomagnetic storms and tidal water movements, and shows how knowledge of these phenomena...

... Cable). To minimize the imbalance on the cathodic protection, insulating joints were installed and the pipeline is now divided into seven sections. OBSERVATIONS OF TELLURIC CURRENTS Abstract Simultaneous recordings of telluric current fluctuations in pipe-to-soil potentials were made at nineteen...

... produced by the electric fields. It is shown that attenuation of the electric fields where the pipeline system goes under three fiords, can have a significant effect on the pipe-to-soil potentials. telluric currents pipeline modeling INTRODUCTION This paper presents recordings of telluric currents made...

...Abstract Results are presented from studies of telluric currents on two pipelines in Canada: the Norman Wells-Zama pipeline in northern Canada, and the North Bay-Morrisburg pipeline in southern Canada. On each pipeline simultaneous recordings were made of pipe-to-soil potentials at different...

... of Goldboro and is paralleled by another 8” (219mm) pipeline, for natural gas liquids. Both the Mainline and the Point Tupper lateral pipelines were constructed in 1999, while the Saint John and Halifax laterals were constructed in 2000. Telluric currents have been observed on many pipelines around...

... the current and voltage for a pipeline extending from χ = 0 to χ = L are given by Similarly the voltage and current at χ = L are Abstract Distributed-source transmission line theory is used to model the electrical response of a pipeline to telluric currents. This modelling shows that the effect of telluric...

... potentials, and Telluric currents. Coupon monitoring assemblies were designed and installed at over 400 locations in different types of geological strata. Design guidelines, material specifications, and construction and monitoring techniques were developed to efficiently and effectively install and monitor...