... acetic acid sweet corrosion CO₂ INTRODUCTION Top of line corrosion (TLC) is a specific corrosion mechanism observed in the oil and gas industry. This phenomena occurs under stratified or wet-gas flow regimes when the upper internal pipeline walls are sufficiently cooled (by heat transfer...

... materials are also presented. Test methods HPHT carbon dioxide sweet corrosion standards dense phase CO₂ INTRODUCTION Research into materials for handling supercritical (sc-CO₂) or ‘dense phase’ carbon dioxide especially in the presence of impurities, has recently gained interest...

.... Reducing the number of the chemicals contributed to reduction of the operation cost too. Sweet corrosion Carbon steel Corrosion inhibitor Rotating cage autoclave Batch treatment INTRODUCTION This is a brief history of a corrosion control on production tubing and flowlines in a gas condensate field...

... ] water The performance of the model CIs and synergists in various CO₂ sweet corrosion conditions were evaluated by electrochemical corrosion tests. An approximately 3000 mL brine solution was used in a cylindrical corrosion glass cell and stirred with a magnetic bar rotating at a speed of 100...

... corrosion test method, and reports preliminary corrosion test results. carbon dioxide corrosion sweet corrosion supercritical carbon dioxide carbon capture and storage CCS CCTS pipeline corrosion INTRODUCTION As the estimated costs of a changing global climate climb ever higher, ¹...

... to localized (pitting) corrosion (0.6 mm/yr). Contrary to model brackish water corrosivity, oxygen ingress as low as 120 ppb triggered localized corrosion in the simulated produced water system. Produced water Brackish water Sweet corrosion Oil Sands SAGD CSS INTRODUCTION Background Water treatment...

... and a scaled surface where the magnitude of the galvanic pair was found to be dependent on the anode:cathode ratio. Galvanic pair Sweet corrosion ZRA Carbon steel X-65 INTRODUCTION X-65 pipeline steel in sweet environments corrodes as a consequence of the presence of CO₂; this corrosion can...

... of a multicomponent corrosion scale, which includes siderite (FeCO₃) and chukanovite (Fe₂(OH)₂CO₃). carbon-steel sweet corrosion grazing incidence X-ray diffraction synchrotron radiation INTRODUCTION Within the oil and gas industry, internal corrosion of carbon-steel...

...(3) HCO 3 − ↔ H + + CO 3 2 − Dissociation of water: Abstract This paper presents a new approach to model the growth mechanism of the sweet corrosion product (i.e. iron carbonate scale) and to study the influence of the corrosion product morphology on the uniform corrosion...

.... RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sweet Corrosion Pitting Formation The corrosion rate values after 2 hours immersion in the solution ranged between 2.75 mm/yr and 3.25 mm/yr. After 2 hours, the pH of the solution was measured around 3.9, and then adjusted to 5.65 by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃...

... on 64 processors in parallel. The computation time for each model was approximately 2 weeks. More details of the modeling technique can be found in Kumar et al. ¹¹ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Cr Content and Temperature on Corrosion Rate Abstract Sweet corrosion of Oil...

... flow model corrosion model microbiologically influenced corrosion MIC sour corrosion sweet corrosion prediction carbon steel single phase multiphase INTRODUCTION Dry gas ICDA equation is used when the gas-to-liquid production rate ratio is higher than 5,000, i.e. when (1) ( P . R...

... environments. Experimental results presented in this paper will demonstrate the effects of H₂S concentration, top-of-line temperature, and condensation rate on TOL corrosion in slightly sour environments. Top of line corrosion condensation sour corrosion slightly sour sweet corrosion...

... has a secondary effect on sweet TOL corrosion. Top of line corrosion condensation sweet corrosion INTRODUCTION TOL corrosion is reported to occur in large diameter wet gas pipeline in stratified flow conditions due to low fluid velocities. With increasing distance from the inlet, the wet gas...

.... The objective of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of sour and sweet corrosion and to present some techniques to predict corrosion of carbon steel under oil and gas infrastructure operating conditions. Abstract The nature of corrosion of carbon steel in sour and sweet environments has been analyzed...

... inhibitors sweet corrosion wall shear stress INTRODUCTION There is a need for a realistic laboratory corrosion fluid flow test facility to investigate the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO₂-brine environments. However, it is difficult to simulate effectively both the chemistry...

... NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 part 2. The behavior of different CRAs is estimated through working windows information. Materials selection tubing casing OCTG multiphase flow sweet corrosion hydrogen sulphide software carbon and low alloy steel corrosion resistant alloys INTRODUCTION Corrosion...

... obtained from various fields. oil-wet water-wet model prediction pitting corrosion H₂S CO₂ sour corrosion sweet corrosion INTRODUCTION The oil and gas industry relies heavily on the extensive use of carbon and low-alloy steels. Corrosion of these steels caused...

... in addressing respective corrosion damages. Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Corrosion Integrity Management Materials Selection Strategy Production Sour Service Sweet Corrosion INTRODUCTION Corrosion in hydrocarbon systems manifests itself in several forms amongst which CO₂ corrosion (sweet...

... Alloys Materials Optimisation Production Qualification Sour Service Sweet Corrosion Water Injection Whole Life Costing INTRODUCTION The search for new sources of hydrocarbon has pushed the operational activities to harsher environments in deeper high pressure/high temperature wells and deep water...