... environment, Sulfidation corrosion is not usually anticipated to take place with such severity at this section of the process. During the investigation, it was found that similar incidents of high corrosion rates were also reported by industry at different sections of Hydrotreater Distillation which could...

... heat transfer between the tube and water. Scale analysis results from a sample collected from the tube internal surface indicated the presence of iron sulfide corrosion products. Based on the aforementioned findings, it was concluded that the corrosion thinning was caused by sulfidation. Sulfidation...

... experience failure by general thinning, sulfidation, carburization, naphthenic acid corrosion, erosion, creep, and environmentally-associated cracking during service or unit start-up and shutdowns. A brief description of damage mechanisms is provided in API Recommended Practice 571. ³ The most...

... oxidation and localized nanoporosity were observed along the alloy grain boundaries, with associated local nanoscale Cr depletion and Ni enrichment. Mechanistic implications of this finding are discussed. biomass oxidation sulfidation stainless steel microscopy INTRODUCTION Biomass is of increasing...

... inspection campaign was executed in a West European refinery on circuits potentially subjected to high temperature low silicon carbon steel sulfidation (<0.1wt.%). This effort came on the top of the existing refinery sulfidation inspection plan for carbon steel piping. Ultrasonic testing (UT) measurements...

... acid-only challenge. Characterization of corrosion product scales by cross-section electron microscopy techniques confirm that the isolated acids generate dense oxide-rich layers under thin iron sulfide (FeS) layers, in contrast to the oxide layers observed under thicker sulfide layers for the VGO...

... and alloy selection processes for sour gas service. Alloy 625 Alloy 825 sulfidation sour service Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy INTRODUCTION Sulfidation of carbon steel in high temperature, high H₂S environments can pose an integrity threat if not managed properly. The standard metallurgical...

... on naphthenic acid corrosion, the protectiveness of the iron sulfide scale with sulfur compounds, and the ability to resist naphthenic acid corrosion with sulfur speciation including molecular weight, molecular structure, molecular size, molecular boiling point as well as operation parameters of temperature...

... in nickel-base alloys. Known as liquid metal embrittlement cracking can occur when a stressed alloy component is exposed to molten metal. While mercury and zinc are the common metals to cause the problem braze metals can also induce cracking. Sulfur & Sulfidation Biowaste can also contain significant...

...This article will present a sample of data taken from two of approximately 200 semi-permanent wireless UT thickness monitoring sensors that were installed in a crude unit and a hydroprocessing unit to monitor for sulfidation corrosion as part of an integrated corrosion control strategy...

... are creep, thermal fatigue and high temperature sulfidation corrosion for the waterwall tubing, and creep, fuel-ash corrosion, fuel-ash erosion and thermal fatigue for the superheater/reheater tubing. Accordingly, corrosion/material degradation mitigation must be accounted for during the design and material...

...Abstract Sulfidation has been a frequently encountered high-temperature corrosion issue in petroleum refinery processing. Corrosion-resistant claddings and weld overlays have been widely used to provide protection of refinery equipments against sulfidation attack. Current study examines...

...) is endless, many fall into some general categories such as basic, acidic, oxidizing, reducing, carburizing or sulfidizing. The alloy selection can then be made based on the inherent resistance of an alloy type or family to each of these environmental conditions. Nickel alloys alloy selection corrosion...

...INTRODUCTION Abstract The sulfidation rates of most metals and alloys are generally 10⁴–10⁶ times higher than their oxidation rates, depending on temperature (i.e., the activation energies are different). As a result, the maximum temperature for long-term service...

...Abstract It is well-known that the installation of low NOx burner system and staged combustion techniques can cause unacceptably high wastage rates for carbon and Cr-Mo steels due to sulfidation attack in coal-fired boiler waterwall area. The current preferred approach for protecting these carbon...

... tube remaining life. Included in this paper is an explanation of how anticipated changes in process conditions can be evaluated with Omega simulations to assess the impact of those changes on coker furnace tube life. Creep Omega refinery cokers coking furnace tubes corrosion sulfidation...

...Corrosion rates are high initially due to the availability of bare steel surface area exposed to the sulfur compounds. Corrosion subsequently slows down as the resultant sulfide scale forms thus limiting diffusion ³ . The resultant corrosion commonly manifests as general thinning but can...

... Cracking (HIC) Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Equipment like the acid gas knock out drums, wash drums and acid gas piping upstream of the reaction furnace are subject to this type of damage. Acid Dew Point Corrosion The modified Claus process is the sulfur conversion method used in Saudi Aramco...

... of the various damage modes typically observed in the lower-furnace sections of high-pressure recovery boilers. This report documents the major findings of this effort. recovery furnaces corrosion stress corrosion cracks sulfidation composites tubes stainless steel alloy INTRODUCTION While gains...

...-performance materials of construction are required. Nickel-base alloys have been shown to offer reliable service for long periods of time resulting in high product output and low lifetime costs. Nickel alloys Hot Corrosion High Temperature Oxidation Carburization Sulfidation Creep Stress Rupture Oil...