... of this paper is to explain that it is important to exercise caution in the use of socket welds in sour service process environments. This paper will explain the difficulty during socket welding in ensuring compliance to the ANSI ² /NACE ³ MR0103/ISO ⁴ 17945 (2) and NACE...

... susceptibility of the subject pipelines. MP-ICDA sour service indirect inspection in-line inspection dynamic pitting INTRODUCTION The Kuwait Oil Company⁽¹⁾ subject CR180 and CR181 pipelines were commissioned in 2014 for transporting crude oil from Point-A to KADMA and KADMA to the Central Mixing...

... sour service validation testing is described with testing approaches optimized to increase confidence in the results. Additional work is presented in defining H₂S limits for the selected completion materials, demonstrating that both the casing and completion are robust to excursion events...

... spot hard layer TMCP Line pipe sour service INTRODUCTION Carbon steel line pipe manufactured from plates via thermo-mechanically controlled rolling (TMCP=Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Processing) has been successfully used in sour service applications for many years. ¹ Resistance...

...-prediction of pipe internal pressure at fracture. OCTG Pipe Fracture Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) Load Ratio Sour Service INTRODUCTION API TR 5C3 (7^th Edition, June 2018 with October 2019 Addendum) [ 1 ] provides equations for pipe body fracture performance in Annex D (informative...

.... sour corrosion sour service high pressure and high temperature weld clad UNS N06625 INTRODUCTION Although renewables are becoming part of the energy mix, fossil fuel is expected to remain important in the foreseeable future. Surprisingly, there was a total increase in the world's fossil fuel...

... materials in more aggressive service has required new evaluation approaches to be developed and new standards written to match. This paper also discusses these new test methods for testing at a material and a pipe level within these standards. Elastomers composites sour service functional testing sour...

... by more than 0.1%. No load adjustments were made when the crack length appeared to decrease based on DCPD signals. In all cases where fatigue loading was applied, a triangular wave form was used, with a rise to fall time of 9:1. The test methodology for the tests are described below: Sour Service: Tests...

... to cathodically protect the exposed steel H₂S CO₂ Sour Service Hydrogen Embrittlement Sulfide Stress Cracking Hydrogen induced cracking High Strength Steels INTRODUCTION Unbounded flexible pipe are constructed from concentric layers of polymers and steel material. In order to preserve...

...-point bend 4Pb double-cantilever beam DCB sulfide stress cracking SSC stress-orientated hydrogen-induced cracking SOHIC hydrogen-induced cracking HIC soft-zone cracking SZC fitness-for-purpose OTI 95 635 BS 8701 sour service test method INTRODUCTION Company specifications require...

... in such environments. ultra sour sour corrosion sour service high pressure and high temperature INTRODUCTION While global coal consumption did decline by 1% in 2015, the world set new consumption records for petroleum and natural gas. The net impact was a total increase in the world's fossil fuel consumption...

...Environment Sour Service - Tests in sour service was performed at pH = 4.5 and p_H2S = 0.21 psia. The pH of the test solution was buffered with bicarbonate in solution. The test solution was deaerated prior to introducing the solution into the test cell. The samples were soaked...

... steel FT property in air and in sour service. The results showed that in the presence of H₂S the initiation FT is considerably lower than the values obtained in air. The effect of test temperature was investigated and the results indicated the FT at elevated temperatures is lower than in-air...

...INTRODUCTION Carbon steel girth welds for sour service applications are typically qualified using either ‘small-scale' four point bent beam tests, to the requirement of NACE TM0177 ³ / EFC 16 ⁴ or ‘full-scale' full ring tests to OTI 95 635 ⁵ (BS 8701 ²...

... and alloy selection processes for sour gas service. Alloy 625 Alloy 825 sulfidation sour service Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy INTRODUCTION Sulfidation of carbon steel in high temperature, high H₂S environments can pose an integrity threat if not managed properly. The standard metallurgical...

... of gases appropriate to the intended application are selected, has been included. Mildly sour service conditions may require testing under less severe conditions. Compared to the standard test duration of 4 days, longer test durations up to 90 days can be required in the newly added test solution C. HIC...

... of localized corrosion, pits or crevice corrosion. Lean Duplex carcass corrosion sour service SSC INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Flexible pipes transports oil, gas, water and other fluids in oil and gas production. At Campos Basin in Brazil flexible pipes are widely used in offshore applications...

... low static crack growth behavior in C-Mn line pipe steels in low pH environments. Sour Service Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Static Crack Growth Rate Frequency Scans INTRODUCTION The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of line pipe steel has been investigated as a function of several critical...

.... The differences in the observed behavior in the two different ΔK ranges may be associated with differences in the strain rate at the crack tip. Sour Service Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Static Crack Growth Frequency Scans Paris Curves INTRODUCTION The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of line pipe steel...

... duplex stainless steel lean duplex stainless steel weldment sour service INTRODUCTION Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has become an increasingly popular alternative to austenitic stainless steel for oil and gas applications due to its superior corrosion and cracking resistance as well as higher...