...corrosion flexible pipe annulus siderite CO₂ near neutral pH SCC INTRODUCTION The annular space of flexible pipes is dry and non-corrosive at normal operating conditions. However, when flooded, with condensed water, resulting from the permeation of the production gases through...

... focused on the solubility of siderite under strictly anoxic (<<1 ppb O₂) xHPHT conditions. This study increased our understanding of the formation of passive layers (Fe₃O₄ and FeCO₃) and their phase transitions as temperature increases, as has been...

... products and ionization constants” and the “co-existence of siderite and iron sulfide at 25 °C.” The values for all of the chemical species that are found in Latimer relevant to the reactions between iron and CO₂ and H₂S to form iron carbonate and iron sulfide are shown in Table A1...

... that formed was determined. The mass flux of crystal growth was also investigated and found to be constant. siderite iron carbonate calcium carbonate constant composition kinetics INTRODUCTION Oilfield brines have a lot of impurities. When the brines become supersaturated due to co-mixing and changes...

... are reported in the present paper. CO₂ corrosion modelling super-saturation siderite flexible pipelines confined environment INTRODUCTION Flexible pipelines have been used for more than thirty years in offshore applications for the transportation of crude oil, gas and water. In comparison...

... revealed the mineral siderite (ferrous carbonate) along with significant amounts of sodium, manganese and iron but no sulfur. A scale surrounding these pits contained calcareous minerals in addition to magnetite. The pits were located in the proximity of circumferential welds but many were distal...