...Abstract Seawater-fed heat exchangers are an effective and cost-efficient method of providing cooling to power plants and refineries located in coastal regions. However, utilization of untreated and unprocessed feedwater comes with its own challenges, including erosion due to sand particle...

... corrosion in seawater, the system is electrically isolated from the main structure and aluminum anodes are connected to the SVDL body. Based on exposure time and seawater temperature, the size of the anode and its exposed area are very important for protecting the SVDL materials. This study presents...

...) 188.9 187.3 Elongation (%) 19.1 22.7 Reduction of Area (%) 36.4 53.0 Hardness, Avg. (HRC) 43.1 42.8 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Specimen Preparation Abstract Most of the recent work done to characterize the fracture toughness of age-hardened nickel-based alloys in simulated seawater...

... solution. The results indicate good performance in seawater environments. In the process industry seawater is commonly used, when available, to cool process fluids. Natural seawater at ambient temperature is very corrosive due to for instance microbial activity. This paper presents pitting- and crevice...

...These formulas give a global ranking of the pitting corrosion resistance of the materials. However, they do not predict whether a given material will be susceptible or not to pitting corrosion in seawater at a given temperature. Material selection must also be driven by the risk of crevice...

... sprayed aluminum (TSA) and similar sacrificial coatings in marine conditions was performed and a technology gap analysis undertaken to formulate a detailed study into the behavior of TSA and similar coatings in conditions simulating alternate immersion in warm seawater. Linear polarisation resistance (LPR...

... is discussed and compared to data reported in the literature. strake bands UNS N06625 Alloy 625 seawater crevice corrosion INTRODUCTION Four strake bands that fractured prematurely in service were evaluated to determine the failure mechanism. These strake bands were reported to have been fabricated from...

... have been reported by several authors. ^{5 , 6 , 7} However, the use of injecting seawater (water flooding) as a means of enhancing oil recovery significantly increases the possibility of corrosion failure of the tubulars as it increases the risk of water wetting the steel surface. ⁷...

...For this purpose, at set of corrosion and environmental sensors, as well as metallic coupons, were exposed during 11 months, at 1020 m (intermediary) and 2020 m (deep) depth in Azores in Atlantic Ocean. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE In-situ cathodic protection data Abstract In natural seawater, many...

... using optical microscope equipped with micrometric numeric gauge. To get the averaged maximum attack, the 3 maximum attacks per coupons have been recorded for the 5 replicates per tested condition, meaning an average over 15 measurements. Abstract The exploration and exploitation of deep seawater...

..., on the other hand has shown UNS N07718 susceptibility under seawater and cathodic polarization ¹⁰ . Other work showing comparisons between UNS N07718 and N07725 show that K_th values in hydrogen charging environment are lower than the air values ^{9 - 11} . However these methods do...

...The CP sensor shall be operative for the lifetime of the structure, giving relevant and reliable data for the duration of the field. When exposed to seawater, different materials and alloys can suffer from corrosion. CP is used to prevent corrosion, but simultaneously calcareous deposits develop...

... and imparts active cathodic protection. In previous work, the outcome of exposure testing in flowing natural seawater at 10°C was discussed. In this paper, exposure in seawater at 50 °C and 80°C and in mud, are discussed. Freely exposed samples thermally sprayed with DSA and conventional TSA as well...

... in materials selection for oil and gas production equipment are discussed. duplex stainless steels seawater critical pitting temperature sigma phase chi phase chromium nitrides time-temperature-transformation diagram INTRODUCTION Uses of super duplex stainless steels in O&G production Duplex...

... ) Abstract Summary The over-long well casing through the seawater, sea mud and rock, which is in severe corrosion environment and cathodic protection is valid protection method. The numerical model of cathodic protection for the complex condition, which is in the uneven environment, is more important...

...Abstract The super-austenitic stainless steel UNS S31266 is due to its optimum of alloying elements a suitable material for seawater applications as for example seawater cooled heat exchangers. Producing UNS S31266 as seamless tubes gives the possibility to build heat exchangers with both tubes...

...Abstract Advanced material of nickel-based alloy for Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) has been developed in order to be usefully applied to sour condition and seawater injection well. At oil and gas services, injection of medium such as seawater, carbon dioxide and wet gas to well makes oil...

...Sea-salt aerosols reflect the composition of sea water, the typical composition of which is represented by ASTM substitute seawater 9 , shown in Table 1 . Dominant ions in seawater are Na⁺ and Cl^– with lesser amounts of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K...

... corrosion behavior in seawater, using a 20-kHz ultrasonic induced cavitation facility. Cavitation tests were made under free corrosion conditions as a function of exposure time in natural seawater for this alloy. Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed that UNS C95520 immersed in stagnant seawater...

... series, e.g., UNS A95019 (AlMg5). ^{5 - 9} In this article, a TSA coating refers to a TS coating deposited using either 99.5 %Al or AlMg5 alloy. Abstract Sacrificial anodes combined with organic coatings are the main strategy used to prevent corrosion on equipment submerged in seawater...