...Abstract Sodium bisulfite (SBS) oxygen scavenger is being applied in several sea water flood injection systems in the Gulf of Mexico. High corrosion rates (CRs) were observed in one particular field during periods when oxygen scavenger injection rates were elevated. In an effort to establish...

... alloys Titanium Electroless nickel Epoxy coating fluoropolymer coating Sea water INTRODUCTION Offshore platform has been widely built for the oil and gas exploration on the ocean. Due to the change of environment, the equipments that were designed for inland applications can have significant...

... capacity utilization and operational flexibility, produced water (PW) and sea water (SW) were comingled for several years as part of water flooding large Alaskan oil fields. Comingling led to severe corrosion and the functional loss of several pipelines. Detailed investigations revealed that inorganic...

... by measuring corrosion potential. Experimental conditions were selected in considering such systems as water supply, water cooling, water heating, and water condensing. Galvanic series in sea water are obtainable easily. However, very few data on galvanic series in tap water are available so far in spite...

...Abstract A growing application area is the use of protective coatings to reduce corrosion of stainless steel components exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sea water. In this presentation discussion will be focused on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coatings for protection against corrosion...

... finite difference models, the results compared with the field measurements, and the utility of cathodic protection using SMgBAs alone projected. Reinforced concrete cathodic protection galvanic anode bridges substructure sea water finite difference modeling INTRODUCTION Sacrificial cathodic...

... strength and formability along with resistance to corrosion. This paper presents data developed from testing of actual heat exchangers as well as laboratory coupon exposures in sea water at elevated temperature. The corrosion resistance of these alloys under typical marine heat exchanger conditions along...

... measurements, and the utility of cp using SBAs alone projected. Reinforced Concrete Cathodic Protection Galvanic Anode Bridges Substructure Sea Water Boundary Element Modeling INTRODUCTION Cathodic protection (CP) has been recognized for some 25-plus years as the only method with long-term service...

... of cp using SBAs alone projected. Reinforced concrete cathodic protection galvanic anode bridges substructure sea water INTRODUCTION Cathodic protection (CP) has been recognized for some 25-plus years as the only method with long-term service experience whereby active corrosion of reinforcing...

..., Southeast Asia, etc. where obtaining clean water or industrial water is difficult, the hydrostatic test by using available sea water is needed. ¹⁾ If the sea water is introduced into the tank, sufficient corrosion prevention measures are required to be taken, as the corrosion of LNG internal...

...In contact with sea water, the most common stainless steels are subject to localised corrosion due to pitting and crevice corrosion. The protection potential for stainless steels depends on the material and, in general, changes between –500 and –400 mV vs SCE; however, in practical applications...

...Abstract Experiments were performed whereby steel specimens in natural sea water were successively cathodically polarized, depolarized or partially depolarized, and then repolarized to simulate the life cycle and retrofit of a galvanic cathodic protection (cp) system on space-frame type offshore...

...The aim of these experiments is to try to clarify whether Al-bronze alloys can be used at all in combination with 22Cr duplex material in offshore industry applications. The scope of the experiments was to investigate corrosion potentials for 22Cr and Al-bronze in: - natural sea water with oxygen...

.... cathodic protection current demand sea water offshore structures galvanic anode retrofit INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Principles of Cathodic Protection Cathodic protection (cp), utilized either alone or in conjunction with coatings, is generally recognized as the most cost effective and technically...

...stainless steel laser welding sea water MSF desalination galvanic corrosion INTRODUCTION The desalination of sea water continues to increase as the world’s demand for water in hot, arid regions increases. The two main processes used for desalination are reverse osmosis (RO) and multi stage...

... of the deposits are compared with results from companion laboratory experiments in which deep water exposure conditions were simulated. Cathodic protection sea water deep sea water design criteria steel galvanic anode calcareous deposits INTRODUCTION I Ambient temperature and pressure. II Ambient...

... waters (1 , 2) ^* , comparable information is not available for deep water. Abstract Experiments were performed where steel specimens were cathodically polarized in natural sea water by galvanic coupling through an external resistor to an aluminum anode. Temperature was either ambient or 5°C...

...Abstract UNS S34565 stainless steel can now be laser welded to produce thin walled (0.35 - 0.40mm) tubing. Corrosion tests have been carried out on tube - tube plate assemblies in simulated MSF desalination plant environments of deaerated sea water at 90°C with oxygen levels of 65, 150 and 750 ppb...

...Super duplex stainless steel has been used for sea water and firewater piping systems since 1991. These have largely been of welded construction and only a few problems have been reported ( 1 ). The problems that have occurred with welds are mostly due to poor design or incorrect fabrication ( 2...

... quality, 4) sea water resistivity, 5) magnitude of polarization, and 6) anode spacing. An example cp system design is presented, and the utility of the method is discussed. While distributed anode arrays on space-frame or three-dimensional structures, such as production platforms, tend to provide...