...Abstract Produced fluids from many oil and gas wells carry sand, and solids from the geologic reservoir, which can be left behind as deposits on the interior of production equipment, particularly piping. These deposits become a diffusion barrier between the produced fluids and the interior pipe...

... are deep, or off-shore, because coupon testing is impractical and replacement costs are high. McMahon and co-workers ² claimed that large amounts of corrosion inhibitor can be lost from the bulk solution by adsorption of inhibitor onto the surfaces of produced sand particles. It was also found...

...Abstract Erosion-Corrosion behavior of carbon steel material was investigated under iron carbonate scale forming conditions in a CO₂ saturated environment as it was impinged by CaCO₃ and sand particles. Experimental data were collected with the objective of studying...

... surfactants added to the system go to micelles. Table 1 Materials, test conditions, and analysis techniques Parameter Conditions Material API 5L X65 CO₂ partial pressure 1 bar Solution 1wt.% NaCl, pH 5.0 (adjusted using bicarbonate) Type of Deposit Silica sand (with three...

... and predict erosion-corrosion for a variety of field conditions. 3-Cell E/C Test Facility Erosion Corrosion Erosion-Corrosion Sand INTRODUCTION Carbon steels are commonly used in the construction of down-hole tubing, drilling, and transport and production pipelines. These materials are chosen because...

...Abstract This study focuses on the effects of flow rate, sand and corrosion inhibitor on the performance of FeCO₃ scale formed on the X65 carbon steel in a submerged impinging jet (SIJ) system in CO₂ saturated environments. The experiments were conducted at a temperature...

... and maintenance pigging programs, which were implemented to re-establish control over the SRBs and the H₂S they generated. This paper is a follow up to that report. Although inhibitor residuals have been very high, sand production appears to have temporarily increased as the sand from within...

... carbon steel when the deposit consists of either sand or iron sulfide (FeS) with and without the presence of mill scale on the steel. In the case of bare API X-65 carbon steel, the average corrosion rate of the coupons in the FeS deposit is significantly higher than those in the sand deposit, with metal...

...Sand can develop in any formation from a number of sources: formation sand, frac sand, proppant, gravel pack material, drilling mud and fluid solids, scale, corrosion product, and construction junk. It has not been definitively studied but, conventional wisdom has shown that super fine sand in very...

... saturated conditions at a fluid velocity of 7m/s with sand loadings of 0mg/L and 100mg/L. The effects of flow-induced corrosion and erosion-corrosion were studied using gravimetric techniques. Mechanisms were discussed based upon results obtained from micro-structural studies. erosion corrosion flow...

...EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY AND PROCEDURE Tandon et al. ¹¹ examined inhibitor performance in erosive environments for carbon steel in a flow loop with a test coupon in an elbow geometry. The CO₂-saturated brine test solution contained up to 4% (w/w%) sand and was circulated...

... equipment such as compressors and generators. Summary This paper calculates minimum flow velocities required to move solid particles in oil and gas process piping and pipelines based on a hydrodynamic model. The results can be applied to sand erosion in oil and gas wells and black powder movement in gas...

..., the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to identify damage to asphalt coating on carbon steel pipelines in a soil box filled with water-saturated sand. Four pipe segments with different asphalt coating conditions, i.e., good asphalt coating with two difference sizes of holiday...

... and corrosion loss. The higher salt concentration led to a lower corrosion rate and erosion rate but did not affect the interaction between erosion and corrosion. erosion corrosion sand synergy disturbance salt carbon steel INTRODUCTION Material degradation in industrial pipelines occurs through two main...

...Abstract This paper reports the development and application of a novel test method for evaluating corrosion inhibitors under erosion-corrosion conditions. A rotating coupon is spun at high speed in a high weight percent sand slurry for a duration of 20 hours. The chosen conditions of the test...

... corrosion inhibitors for sand, iron sulfide, barium sulfate, iron carbonate and emulsion drop surfaces is presented. Additionally, the ability for corrosion inhibitors to stabilize both oil-in water and water-in-oil emulsions is discussed. Phase inversion of the emulsion is demonstrated as production...

...Abstract Corrosion inhibitors are commonly added to oil and gas production systems to control corrosion. In this research, flow loop tests conducted in a CO₂ environment with sand examined the ability of an inhibitor to provide protection for a carbon steel elbow in 4.6 m/sec liquid...

...Abstract The role of multiphase flow conditions in erosion-corrosion and FeCO₃ scale formation are examined using a laboratory flow loop circulating CO₂ gas, a CO₂ saturated brine and sand. Uniform scale formation, localized attack, and no scale formation were...

... to present a pipeline integrity threat. cathodic disbondment current soil sand clay potential temperature oxygen resistivity conductivity impedance spectroscopy EIS permeability ionic strength freshwater salt slough EXPERIMENTAL Experiments were conducted at room temperature and at 60 C...

... in conjunction with the Air Force Corrosion Prevention and Control Office (AFCPCO) initiated this project to assess the effects of extended operations in this AOR. This assessment will include observation of the effects of the sand and dust intrusion, analysis of sands from various locations in the AOR...