...Gypsum precipitation experiments were carried out by adding known volume of stock solution of sodium sulfate to known volume of water in a glass bottle maintained at 66°C. (1) Percent inhibition ( % I) = ( C 1 – C 2 ) / ( C 3 – C 2 ) x 100 Where: C₁...

... process. During the last three decades various additives have been developed to control precipitation of scale forming salts. This study is focused on the evaluation of synthetic poly(acrylic acids) with functional groups (carboxylic acid, -COOH) which have the potential to act as inhibitors for brucite...

... at preventing deposition and precipitation. The asphaltenes deposition flow test involves the mixing of crude oil with a precipitant solvent (typically, n-heptane, though the method can also be used for determining the effect of mixing with a field condensate) in a continuous injection system...

... dihydrate (CaSO₄·H₂O, gypsum) is the most commonly found form of calcium sulphate. Abstract The precipitation of calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O, gypsum) was studied at 25 °C at constant calcium ion activity. The stability domain of the system...

...Spontaneous precipitation of CaCO₃ in water-MEG mixture The supersaturated solutions were prepared directly in the reactor by mixing equal volumes of CaCl₂ and NaHCO₃ solutions, and the pH was adjusted to 8.5 by the addition of small aliquots of 0.1 M standard...

... that the effect of As(V) and Hg(II) is due to the adsorption of these ions on the surface of struvite nuclei. Struvite precipitation scale formation kinetics of arsenic mercury INTRODUCTION Crystal growth experiments were done in a Pyrex® glass double walled 1L reactor, maintained at 25±0.2 °C...

...The strontium sulfate precipitation experiments were carried out by adding known volume of stock solution of sodium sulfate to known volume of water in a glass bottle. To this sodium sulfate solution was added with continuous stirring a known volume of stock solution of strontium nitrate...

...Abstract In this work, a variety of polymers were evaluated as precipitation inhibitors for magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) in aqueous solution. The polymers tested include 1) homopolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid of varying molecular weight (MW), maleic acid, 2-ethyloxazoline...

...Kinetic calculations of precipitation during service Calculations were performed to determine the kinetics of precipitation of Cr₂₃C₆ chromium carbides and TiC or Nb(CN) in the two alloys during service at 600 °C, Figure 4 . These calculations were performed on specific...

... was studied using the spontaneous precipitation technique. Moreover, experiments were also carried out in the presence of varying amount of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃, hematite). The precipitate morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques...

... of the molecular weight distribution on their inhibition efficiency (IE) performance for the precipitated polymer and their remaining supernatant solutions and these results have been compared with the “stock” polymer. Abstract Polymeric scale inhibitors (SI) used for downhole oilfield squeeze treatments must...

... functional groups. Dogan and coworkers ³ using the spontaneous precipitation technique, investigated the influence of poly(ethylene oxide)-block– poly(methacrylic acid) polymers as calcium sulfate growth inhibitors. Results of their study reveal that inhibition increases with acid content...

...: surface (direct) runoff (or overland flow) E: evapotranspiration To prepare a long-term continuous time series dataset for temperature and precipitation for 1,285 meteorological stations within Mexico; To approximate soil parameter information required to estimate soil moisture content...

... areas of study. elemental sulfur chemical physical sulfur solvent precipitation deposition dissolve dissolution amine polysulfide hydrocarbon hydrogen polysulfide corrosion inhibition INTRODUCTION Mitigating elemental sulfur deposition and managing the associated sulfur-accelerated...

... and precipitation are two different processes and that their rates should be evaluated separately. This paper initially compares the kinetics of CaCO₃ precipitation in the bulk and deposition on the surface of austenitic stainless steel (316L) at 24°C and 70°C under a controlled turbulent flow regime...

.... The protection mechanism at ~20°C is of concern because the conditions for precipitating protective corrosion film are less favorable compared to higher temperatures due to the increasing solubility of FeCO₃ with decreasing temperature. The scope of the ongoing work is to investigate whether corrosion...

... and fabricated to try to define optimum processing techniques for the various applications in which the alloy is utilized. alloy N08825 corrosion stabilization sensitization heat treatment corrosion testing microstructure precipitation Huey Test carbides chromium titanium nickel INTRODUCTION...

... of sulfide measured and increase in ABS concentration in H₂S brine solutions at low pH. The difference in the degree of precipitation in the deaerated deionized water and brine solutions were noticeable. The ABS, also behaved like a pH buffer in solution due to relatively constant pH...

... crystalline forms. Mineral scaling modeling thermodynamics precipitation mixed solvents INTRODUCTION The formation of mineral scales is a common and expensive problem in the oil and gas industry. Accumulation of scales can lead to a reduction in well productivity, fouling of equipment, damage to pumps...

... have been explained in terms of loss of SA and NI in the co- and ter-polymers, as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, leading to the formation of P-AA. polymer thermal stability calcium carbonate precipitation inhibition crystal morphology...