... mesh anodes electrochemical cathode electrolyte passive film chlorides potential substructure bent caps precast concrete cast-in-place INTRODUCTION Most metals are found in nature as ores or oxides. Only gold, silver and sometimes copper remain elementally stable when extracted from...

... smaller than the original (base case) resulting in ρ_L (see Table 2 ). Abstract The potential of passive steel embedded in concrete is a key parameter on the value of the chloride corrosion threshold. The phenomenon of a potential-dependent chloride threshold (PDT) along with the corrosion...

...Instant-OFF potential was measured after 24 hours application of CP. Tests were performed as follows: - IR-free potential measurement by means of the reference electrode inside the Luggin capillary; - ON-potential measurement by means of the portable reference electrode placed in position from...

... of prestressing steels vary between the following limits: Passivation potential: - 465…-335 mV (SCE); O₂ release potential: +620…+650 mV (SCE); Current density in passive state: 6…15 µA/cm²; Passivity zone: 955…1115 mV (SCE). The difference between the passivity...

...Abstract Additional assessment of the chloride threshold dependence on steel potential is presented to supplement the limited set of available data. Cylindrical mortar specimens with an embedded steel rebar were exposed to NaCl saturated solution under potentiostatic control at open circuit...

...Abstract The chloride corrosion threshold of steel in concrete depends not only on concrete and steel properties but also on the potential of the steel while it is still in the passive condition. A deterministic model to predict corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is presented...

... experiences. FBE coating disbondment was tracked over time in four test environments that represent conditions on Canadian pipelines and was assessed as a function of cathodic potential, temperature, coating defect, the presence of oxygen, and time. Some long-term tests were monitored for up to 18 months...

...-contaminated concrete ^{(1 - 6)} but at a higher cost than conventional plain carbon steel (CS) rebar. Stainless steel clad rebar (SCR) ⁽⁷⁾ with a carbon steel core offers the potential for performance comparable to that of solid SS rebar but at a much lower cost. However, SCR...

... and form the basis of international and national standards. This paper will present various practical issues related to the general applicability of these criteria under different circumstances. PRACTICAL ISSUES Application of Cathodic Protection Cathodic protection (CP) corrosion monitoring potential...

... activated titanium reference (ATR) electrode^{( 9 )} placed in the center of the cell. The open circuit potential of each specimen was measured with a multimeter of 200MΩ input resistance with respect to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) momentarily placed in the liquid. The open circuit potential...

...⁻] in Ca(OH)₂ solution and ~0.4M [Cl⁻] in SPS solution), steel was not found to undergo pitting corrosion even if it was polarized to the oxygen evolution potential (~0.6V/SCE). At higher NaCl addition, pitting corrosion could often be initiated but the pitting potential was non...

... embedded reference electrodes. The types of electrodes used were silver/silver chloride and titanium electrodes. The locations of the reference electrodes were determined from the results of a detailed potential and resistance mapping survey, which was carried out during construction, for every element...

...The effect of chloride concentration on the crevice repassivation and initiation potentials, designated as E_rcrev and E_crev, respectively, of alloy 625 at 95° C is shown in Figure 4 . The lowest potential associated with the pronounced increase in current density...

..., and an automated record keeping system can work together to meet these challenges. criteria cathodic protection training procedures potential IR drop PC (personal computer) field computer Documenting Testing Procedures Once criteria have been selected for use on underground structures, documented testing...

... ⁾ have been applied to solve corrosion problems. Because the knowledge of physical quantities (potential and current density) on the surface of corroding materials is of prime importance in corrosion and corrosion protection, the authors have developed BEM, which does not require discretization...

...The results from the experiments with a concrete cube in contact with an aqueous solution (see Figure 1 ) is shown in Figures 5 to 11 . Figure 5 shows the potential differences through the concrete for the wetting solutions tap water and saturated Ca(OH)₂. Prior to the experiments...

... by an application example for the cathodic protection design of a seawater pump. In this system, the effects of flow-rate and time on the polarization curve can be taken into account for defining the boundary conditions. boundary element method (BEM) 2D 3D axi-symmetry potential current density cathodic...

... and pulsed cathodic protection. Current demand, potential profiles, polarization, pH differences and effectiveness of each system were calculated. Results indicate that certain pulsed waveforms increase the distance in a crevice at which protective potentials can be achieved. cathodic protection pulse...

... conditions are reached when a potential decay of at least 100mV over a period of 4 to 24h from instant off potential is measured” (4) was adopted for the CP system in splash and atmospheric zone while the criterion adopted for the water anode system required that the potential of the reinforcing steel...

...-treatment effect potential seawater INTRODUCTION Presently, one of the main purposes of applied corrosion science is apparently working out methods for pure ecological metal protection. From this point of view a decrease of inhibitor concentration, C_in in a medium is always desirable even...