... the possibility of increasing precision of inspection scheduling to improve return on effort from inspection. The following subsections describe the project in brief. Data The scope of the analysis is a selection of piping and vessels from Abqaiq Plants; Abstract One of the pillars of the fourth industrial...

...Abstract In order to make risk-informed decisions when designing corrosion mitigation and remediation programs for lateral piping, consequence and likelihood of a failure (LoF) are required to estimate the risk. Within industry, lateral piping does not always have In-Line Inspection (ILI...

...INSTANT - DISCONNECT MEASUREMENT Electrical isolation can be impractical to establish and maintain on networks of steel piping systems within plants, depending on the complexity and nature of the facility and equipment. Often there is no attempt to electrically isolate on-plot networks of buried...

...Approach Abstract Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a major problem for industry. Extensive removal and reinstatement of insulation for inspection is prohibitively costly. A non-destructive testing (NDT) tool which can characterise areas of CUI damage in insulated piping and pipelines...

...Abstract In order to ensure the continued operation of fixed equipment assets such as vessels, pipeline and piping systems, operators must invest in regular inspection of their systems by a variety of methods, including visual inspection, inline inspection (ILI), and traditional non-destructive...

... process results in a higher quality TSA implementation and on-time project completion. Corrosion CUI thermal spray aluminum aluminum foil wrapping ESCC piping CUI is a high maintenance cost item in petrochemical plants, refineries and off-shore facilities. The CUI issue was identified in the 1970's...

...Case 2 In another chlorate plant that was started in 1991 all electrolyzers were equipped with FEP/FRP pipes, with a diameter of 18 inches, manufactured with similar technology. The plant operated with a similar solution composition, and a temperature 83-88°C. In 1999 the first occurrence of liner...

..., and piping fabrication applications in order to reduce both cost and schedule. Even though many refinery owner/operators' specifications prohibit the use of FCAW for radiograph quality welds, there has been a growing trend to rethink the restriction, and allow the controlled use of FCAW (gas shielded...

...KEY LEARNINGS FRP pipe does not usually have a specified OD. If the OD of the FRP pipe will be critical to the job requirements, specify the required OD with tolerances in the original bid package. An all flanged piping system is a viable option for FRP pipe. This is dependent of course...

... are a critical part of the infrastructure of nuclear plants. Corrosion has been shown to be the predominant degradation mechanism for service water piping. Because of the diversity of water sources (seawater, brackish water, and various fresh waters), piping materials (bare carbon steel, coated or lined carbon...

...) diameter Carbon Steel pipe. Pipe had been in service 6+ years External patchs and repairs were approximately every 8’-10’ (2.4-3.0 M) made as shown in Figure 1 below: ^**The flow restriction has significant influence on overall selection material decision. Material of construction (MOC...

... distribution to just the cathode/anode junction [ 4 ]. In piping systems, the effective galvanic length will be longer when transporting higher conductivity fluids than when carrying low conductivity electrolytes such as oil and gas. Table 1 shows the variability of solution conductivity among selected...

...INTRODUCTION Plastic lined steel pipe systems have been available for corrosive fluid handling for a number of years. The lined steel industry has significantly increased the life of such systems at a very affordable cost by making the product readily available and user friendly for new...

...When the brine is at its minimum temperature, metallic parts in contact with the brine actually develop a thick layer of ice. Although the FRP piping will sweat some, no frost or ice is formed because of the thermal insulating properties of FRP laminates. Of course, when the brine temperature...

...Two facts to consider along with the leak data analysis are: (1) all the pipe was protected by organic coatings before installation and (2) our experience is that the life of organic protective coatings on piping in CUI service varies between 5 and 13 years. When considered with the leak data...

... of the qualification procedure. In a UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel hot condensate piping system, a leak was detected. It was found to have resulted from cracking from the inside at a location where pressure drop could lead to water evaporation. A laboratory study confirmed that at elevated temperature (140 °C...

...Routine wall thickness monitoring of a shipboard piping system identified unexpectedly high rates of wall loss in localized areas. In some cases, the localized corrosion actually penetrated the pipe wall, Figure 1 . As a result, the U.S. Navy was interested in determining the root cause...

...42" Effluent Pipe Abstract FRP Piping has been used extensively in a wide variety of corrosive applications. This paper will examine two case histories detailing the performance of FRP piping at pulp & paper mills over the past 30 years with particular attention paid to life expectancy...

..., superior burst strength, vacuum resistance, kink resistance and product purity. Monitorability is achieved through a vent port containing a unique Alloy C276 porous disc. double containment polytetrafluoroethylene polyvinylidene fluoride fluoropolymers hoses anhydrous hydrogen chloride piping...

...Galvanic Current Measurements Galvanic current measurements were made between the outer surface of the copper-nickel and the titanium pipe section on all piping mockups via connections on the pipe. A zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) was used for all current reading measurements. Current measurements...