... mitigate these damage mechanisms. Consequently, the methodology developed involved initially flushing the facilities with less saline water to remove deposits and sediments, and subsequently treating the entire facility with a mixture of corrosion inhibitor, oxygen scavenger and biocide in brackish water...

...Abstract Sodium bisulfite (SBS) oxygen scavenger is being applied in several sea water flood injection systems in the Gulf of Mexico. High corrosion rates (CRs) were observed in one particular field during periods when oxygen scavenger injection rates were elevated. In an effort to establish...

... in an accelerated corrosion rate. boiler feedwater SAGD oxygen tuberculation concentration cell aqueous corrosion oxygen scavenger heat exchanger cost net present value INTRODUCTION The total cost of a corrosion problem or failure is widely overlooked in the oil and gas industry. Not only does...

...Abstract Chemical treatment is a primary measure for mitigating internal corrosion of process equipment at crude gathering centers as part of asset integrity management. As oxygen is highly oxidizing agent for corrosion, Oxygen Scavenger is injected to the brackish water streams to minimize...

...Abstract Springs made from UNS NO7750 for pressure relief valves (PRV) that were installed in oxygen scavenger skids failed by extensive corrosion after a short time period of two years. The metallurgical compatibility between the material used for springs and the process fluid was considered...

... and recommendations related to “dry” and “wet” lay-ups, including filtration requirements and specific treatments for oxygen scavengers, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors. Hydrostatic Pressure Test biocide glutaraldehyde THPS Sulfate Reducing Bacteria SRB corrosion inhibitor oxygen scavenger ammonium...

... understand the implication of applying biocide and oxygen scavenger simultaneously. The interaction will be explored by testing the impact of bisulfite on THPS in microbiological kill studies and the THPS impact on bisulfite in oxygen performance studies. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Ammonium bisulfite (ABS...

... efficiency. Corrosion inhibition availability performance management oxygen scavenger INTRODUCTION Effective dosage control is known to be a significant challenge in operations. Operators have reported significant fluctuations in actual delivered dosage, of up to 100ppm either side of the target...

... Oxygen Scavenger MECHANISMS OF CORROSION Microbial Corrosion Bacteria are present in all natural waters, with estimated concentrations ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁶ cells per ml ( Table 1 ). ^{6 , 7 , 8} TABLE 1 CONCENTRATION OF BACTERIA IN NATURAL WATERS Location...

...carbohydrazide hydrazine PWR carbon steel oxygen scavenger thermal decomposition rate corrosion potential reducing effect INTRODUCTION Abstract Hydrazine as an oxygen scavenger has been widely used for the feed water treatment of PWR secondary side and fossil power plants in the world...

.... A baseline for hydrazine was established for additional monitors and sample points before feed of any alternative oxygen scavengers was begun. Each trial lasted about 90 days, and was followed by the feed of hydrazine to reestablish the baseline data before the next product was introduced to the unit. Trial...

... chemistry of iron oxides found in boiler systems, postulated corrosion mechanisms, the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions which control iron oxide formation in boiler systems, the effects of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen scavengers on these system conditions, and some passivation/corrosion...

... systems is known to cause corrosion. Mechanical deaeration removes the majority of the dissolved oxygen while oxygen scavengers remove the remaining trace level. Sodium sulfite is a commonly used scavenger, but has several use limitations, such as high solids contribution to boiler water and decomposition...

...steam systems oxygen scavenger hydroxylamine INTRODUCTION The impact of corrosion due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwater can be severe leading to equipment failure and forced boiler shutdown for repair or replacement of feedwater system components. As a result oxygen...

... the likelihood and severity of the stress-corrosion cracking problem. oxygen scavenger boiler sodium sulfite admiralty brass sulfur dioxide stress-corrosion cracking INTRODUCTION The removal of dissolved oxygen from water in pressurized boilers has been a routine industry practice for over 60 years...

...The majority of the dissolved oxygen in the feedwater is removed by mechanical deaeration. A properly operating deaerator is capable of reducing the oxygen level to below 10 μg/1 (10 ppb). The remaining trace levels of oxygen are typically removed through the feed of an oxygen scavenger...

...Conventional boiler water treatment methods have been implemented aiming at the improvement of the corrosive environment. For instance, dissolved oxygen, a corrosive component, is removed by a deaerator or with an oxygen scavenger as mentioned before, and the concentrations of electrolyte...