... ^{, 16 – 38} . During CP, the environment at the steel surface is subjected to changes. For example, the cathodic reactions induce the removal (consumption) of oxygen, but also the generation and accumulation of hydroxyl ions at the steel surface as product of the cathodic reactions. Another example...

...stainless steel chlorides stress corrosion cracking pH chloride content temperature oxygen stress relief INTRODUCTION Chloride promoted stress corrosion cracking (ClSCC) is a damage mechanism that can occur in a chloride containing aqueous environment. Damage can occur during in-service...

... pipe with visual inspection and microscopic examination revealed extensive uniform and pitting corrosion. The analyze indicate that the high temperature and relatively high oxygen content in the cold water used for injection and contact with corrosive reservoir fluid caused the severe corrosion...

... oxygen silicon carbon steel welding process INTRODUCTION High temperature sulfidation is one of the most common degradation mechanisms in petroleum refinery units (e.g., CDU, Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU), Visbreaking Unit (VBU), Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), Hydrodesulfurisation unit (HDS...

... blanket and a low flow condition. High amounts of oxygen were able to dissolve into the BFW, which led to several problems downstream of the BFW tank, particularly in the tubes of the heat exchangers. The low flow conditions present in the system led to a buildup of solids, which also aided...

... of material selection on the critical water content required to avoid substantial levels of internal corrosion in an impure supercritical CO2 system containing sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2). Experiments were performed in autoclaves containing supercritical CO2 at 8 MPa and 35°C in the presence of 100...

... and condensate bath. ( Figure 18 ) In order to confirm the corrosiveness and scaling tendency of BFW, pH is also controlled with test method ASTM D 1293 ¹⁸ . Based on vendor spec the pH value is in a specified range (8.5-9.5). BFW oxygen content monitoring is performed daily with test method ASTM D...

...) in order to measure the element currents between the steel and the magnetite crystal electrodes (all 4 electrodes together (100% surface area) or - to reduce the cathode surface area - each electrode alone or in combination with each other). Oxygen Effect on Galvanic Element Steel - Magnetite in Bulk...

... experimental limitations of rotating cage tests and suggested that the existence of water and oxygen in sc-CO₂ could enhance the steel corrosion. ¹⁹ This paper aims at improving the applied experimental testing procedure and identifying the effects of water and oxygen on the corrosion...

... product morphology and chemistry was identified through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Supercritical CO₂ CO₂ corrosion carbon steel carbon capture and storage sulfur dioxide oxygen...

...Abstract The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have helped facilitate the success of CO₂-EOR injection operations. However, captured CO₂ from anthropogenic sources can potentially contain oxygen which will increase the risk of corrosion...

... element method and a numerical study was conducted to determine the corrosion rate of galvanized steel in soil exposed to corrosive environments. The effect of soil resistivity and oxygen concentration on the corrosion performance of galvanized steel and the effect of zinc thickness on the service life...

... and oxygen ingress. In that context, galvanic probes can be used to sense several kinds of chemical changes occurring in real systems. The T-1C-16 document clearly explains that knowledge of the system being monitored is required to interpret probe responses. Another useful NACE publication...

...(2) 2 H 2   S + O 2 → 2 H 2 O + 1 / 4   S 8 Methanol creates issues by promoting corrosion in the system due to its ability to interfere with the formation of protective films. It is also known to create corrosion issues because adding methanol adds oxygen...

.... When solids dropped out from the solution, localized attack was detected in the form of underdeposit corrosion. Details are also given on the laboratory testing results and development of a corrosion inhibition program for such an environment. Iron sulfide oxygen waste water pipeline H₂S...

...FAC in single-phase flow has caused two serious accidents with PWRs ^{1 - 2} , although it has not led to serious damage in BWR feed water piping due to continuous oxygen addition ¹⁸ . FAC in two-phase flow used to be a serious problem in heater drain lines in BWRs...

... of acetic acid (HAc) and O₂. All these effects are treated consistently within the water chemistry, flow and electrochemistry modules. Also, recommendations are made in terms of corrosion inhibition limits. carbon dioxide corrosion modeling inhibition acetic acid oxygen INTRODUCTION...

... E + f F In general the software optimizes this or a similar function to provide the optimal coefficients of the terms. Dissolved Oxygen Design The measurements to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in solution were performed separately from the corrosion measurements. While eight corrosion...

... troubles in FFPs. As a result of applying O₂ injection in the feed water to reduce radioactive corrosion products, no serious localized thinning of BWR feed water piping has been reported. Oxygen injection is one promising candidate to mitigate FAC in PWRs ^{4 )}. However, in order...

... the dissolved oxygen to 10 ppb; during upsets in deaeration there could be significantly higher values of dissolved oxygen, perhaps as high as 100 ppb. Dissolved oxygen in the seawater can cause pitting and crevice corrosion in carbon and low alloy steels as well as martensitic stainless steels. Studies have...