... subsequently analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis to determine oxide composition, thickness and structure. The resultant corrosion rate of the machined specimens exhibited an inverse temperature dependency, with the rates decreasing...

... microstructure of the crack-tip region of a failed tube was examined using SEM, TEM and EBSD to clarify the relaxation crack mechanism. The current findings suggest that dislocation enhanced M23C6 precipitation near grain boundary promoted oxidation near grain boundary, and then a crack propagated along...

...-Ray Diffraction, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis to determine oxide composition, and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Focused Ion Beam excavation to measure oxide thickness. The resultant weld deposit corrosion rate was three times higher than...

.... These illustrate the role of microstructure control to attain good corrosion performance. The effect of residual weld oxides or heat tint in degrading the corrosion performance is also explored, together with evaluation of the degree to which the corrosion resistance can be restored by the use of appropriate...

... environment. Several pits were observed on the specimens of conventional Ni alloys after exceeding 2,000 h when the heating at 575°C for 50h was periodically. The hybrid-suppression technique of new Ni alloy, a new concept for prevention of metal dusting, is based on the formation of protective oxide scales...

... an excellent resistance against metal dusting while other Ni-base alloys had several pits in a relatively short time. A solid solution of Cu greatly restrains an interaction between the CO molecule and the metal where oxide scales were damaged, leading to a complete healing of the protective oxide scale...

... time. A solid solution of Cu greatly restrains an interaction between the CO molecule and the metal where oxide scales were damaged, leading to a complete healing of the protective oxide scale. metal dusting carburization syngas nickel base alloy oxide Cu dissociative adsorption INTRODUCTION...

... of the gas mixture, which affects the chemistry and thickness of the protective oxide scale, was given primarily from the dissociation reaction of H₂O, H₂O=H₂+1/2O₂, at temperatures below 850°C. Carbon activity a_c of a syngas mixture in some practical...

... and Cr₇C₃ by XRD and EPMA analyses. Abstract A new wrought alloy has been developed for use as furnace tubes in ethylene pyrolysis plants. This alloy has an excellent carburization resistance due to uniform formation of protective Al₂O₃ oxide scale on the metal surface...

... on these results, Cr is confirmed an effective alloying element and Cr content of more than 25% is needed to provide protection against carburization environments at 1000°C. Chromium may prevent carbon ingress by the formation of Сr₂O₃ oxide film on the alloy surface. At 1100 and 1150°C...

...Abstract The effect of noble metal treatment on the 304 stainless steel (SS) oxide formed in high temperature water containing excess hydrogen was examined by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) of noble...

... are not known. Although the complexity of the chemistry of corrosion products makes it difficult to study the interaction between inhibitors and rusted steel surface, there is a need for a better understanding of the interaction to meet with success in a practical use of inhibitors. inhibitor rust oxide...

...INTRODUCTION Characterization of oxide films formed on metals and alloys has been the subject of study for many years because the chemical and physical properties of oxide films can alter the mechanism and kinetics of the corrosion processes [ 1 - 3 ]. Particularly, the characteristics of oxide...

...Abstract Characteristics of the oxide film formed on 316 SS in 288°C water under cycling the NWC/HWC conditions were examined by SEM, TEM and AES. It was found that the oxide film mainly consists of three structures having different particle sizes; the outer oxide layer with a large particle (Ni...

...Every discussion about passivation invariably includes a discussion about corrosion. Consequently, to describe passivation, both passivation and corrosion must be defined. Some researchers have defined passivation as the creation of a barrier to further oxidation. Others have defined passivation...

...EXPERIMENTAL Abstract The corrosion behavior of a carbon steel covered with synthetic ashes and an actual ash has been investigated under reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. It has become clear that HCl content has a great influence on the corrosion rate of the carbon steel covered with NaCl-KCl...

... scavenger metal passivation electrochemistry boiler feedwater pre-boiler systems oxygen corrosion electrochemical reaction linear polarization oxide INTRODUCTION Oxygen scavenger performance is a major consideration in selecting the optimum treatment program for steam generating plants...