... of corrosion rates due to hot oils containing naphthenic acids and reactive sulfur species has long been a challenge for the refining industry. The past 60 years have yielded a body of literature and research on the topic. Refineries have utilized a wide variety of published references, lab-based models...

... conditions. This paper discusses the performance of modified HVTS systems for corrosion protection in the varied environment of a typical CDU column. High Velocity Thermal Spray Crude Distillation Unit Overhead Corrosion Naphthenic acid Ammonium Chloride Amine Corrosion INTRODUCTION Crude Distillation...

...sulfur naphthenic acid Total Acid Number (TAN) corrosion model compounds high temperature INTRODUCTION Highly corrosive effects at high temperature of some heavy crude oils are the result of complex interactions between naphthenic (NAP) acid and sulfur (S) compounds they contain. ^{1 , 2}...

... and naphthenic acid corrosion mechanisms, when both are present, is needed to better predict crude corrosivity. Previous work focused on the influence of organic acid structure on corrosivity. In this paper, the relative corrosivities of different types of sulfur species are explored. Four model sulfur compounds...

...Abstract The use of phosphorus based inhibitors is a common strategy to control naphthenic acid corrosion. Some users have experienced phosphate fouling that has been attributed to use of these inhibitors. As a result, some have limited the amount of allowable phosphorus, potentially reducing...

...Development of hypothetical compounds Considering other research on characterization of naphthenic acids [ 8 - 12 ], forty-two hypothetical compounds were proposed for representing mixtures of naphthenic acids present in the crude. These hypothetical compounds contain aliphatic, aromatic...

...Most of the literature studies dedicated to naphthenic acid and sulfur corrosion focus mainly on one of these two important corrosive groups, considering the other one as an important influencing factor. This current work has a different experimental approach and studies simultaneously...

... and wettability while others had only a negligible effect. adsorption corrosion crude oil inhibition mercaptans naphthenic acid polar compound pyridinic pyrrolic sulfide thiophenes wettability INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to determine which groups of chemicals present in crude oil have...

...Naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC) commonly occurs in refinery streams operating between 218-400°C, and most typically affects crude and vacuum units ¹ . The corrosion rate on carbon and low alloy steels is a function of the Total Acid Number (TAN), sulfur content, temperature, and fluid...

... to as “lower quality” corrosive crudes with high naphthenic acid and sulfur content. However, in spite of the fact that these acidic crudes are less expensive, their processing in refineries raises a concern about the potential corrosion problems. Thus, refinery engineers have to adopt special strategy...

..._{@bakerpetrolite.com} Abstract Naphthenic acids present in crude oils contribute to high-temperature corrosion. Corrosion caused by naphthenic acids generally occurs in the temperature range of 200-400 °C (400-750 °F). The use of inhibitors is a common corrosion mitigation strategy. Phosphorus based compounds...

..., mercaptan, sulfide and polysulfide species convert to hydrogen sulfide which attacks carbon and low-alloy steels. Organic acids, such as naphthenic acids consisting of cycloalkane ring(s) with an attached aliphatic chain having a terminal carboxylic acid group, have been implicated. However, neither total...

...naphthenic acid TAN molybdenum corrosion austenitic stainless steel INTRODUCTION The use of molybdenum (Mo) containing stainless steels for naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC) is a common practice in the refining industry. When asked, what makes Mo the alloy element of choice in naphthenic acid...

...Naphthenic acid hydroprocessing units materials selection hydrogen INTRODUCTION Brief Review of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Abstract Questions of when, where and why hydroprocessing units within oil refineries can see naphthenic acid corrosion are often raised, and to date, there has been...

...Abstract Naphthenic acid corrosion is a worldwide problem. Much effort has been expended with the objective of knowing in detail the interfering variables and the mechanism of this corrosive process. One of the main barriers to understanding is the difficulty in obtaining information from...

... present in crude oil, except for the saturates, and allow for the compositional determination of thousands of species present in crude oil at a level of detail never before thought possible. Current applications include heavy oil and bitumen analysis, production deposit characterization, naphthenic acid...

...Abstract Canadian Athabasca oilsand bitumen crudes, characterized as corrosive by the classical naphthenic model, are producing negligible naphthenic acid corrosion in crude and vacuum units after more than 50 years of cumulative operation. A new theory proposes that the corrosivity of naphthenic...

....) measurements have all been used together to provide the most complete picture of corrosion mitigation. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Predicting Crude Corrosivity Whole crude samples and specific side cuts should be screened for corrosivity. The most co mm on measurement for naphthenic acid content is the Total Acid...

...Abstract This study included stirred autoclave tests to broaden the understanding of the interaction between sulfide films and naphthenic acids, and Hot Oil Flow Loop (HOFL) experiments that provided information on the influence of flow on the corrosion process. A series of parametric tests were...

...The absence of a sufficient understanding of the mechanisms of corrosion by naphthenic acids, and the inhibition offered by some compounds naturally present in some crudes, mean that calculation of corrosion rates from a detailed chemical analysis of a crude or crude fraction is not yet feasible...