... by the aid of a large-scale multiphase flow loop. In this paper, a method was proposed to acquire electrochemical response from an electrode surface alternately wetted by oil and water. An optimized ODD corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by using this method in a CO₂ containing brine solution...

... with actual field and lab testing data as a basis to quantify accuracy and efficacy of the model. corrosion prediction top of line TLC multiphase flow oil and gas pipelines INTRODUCTION Although Top of the Line Corrosion (TLC) was observed as early as 1960, the potential damage to the oil and gas...

... water (BW) CO₂ corrosion turbulent flow multiphase flow bicarbonate CO₂ breakout De Waard-Milliams INTRODUCTION In SAGD facilities, brackish water (BW) containing trace amounts of free CO₂ accounts for 15% of the boiler feed water used for steam generation...

... correlates with the average or maximum WSS on the rotating coupons, at different conditions. Rotating Cage Wall Shear Stress Computational Fluid Dynamic VOF Multiphase Flow INTRODUCTION The rotating cage (RC) has been widely used for evaluating the performance of corrosion inhibitors in CO₂...

... of a liquid phase in contact with the wall surface could be of utmost importance in multiphase flow conditions, where both gas and oil phases can have different distribution configurations in the pipe (i.e., stratified, annular, mist, slug, etc). The concentration of naphthenic acids present...

... inhibition multiphase flow wettability inversion point INTRODUCTION It has been recognized for long time that the presence of crude oil may have a major effect in reducing uniform corrosion rates in CO₂/H₂S containing environments and that this effect depends significantly...

.... EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY AND TEST MATRIX Boom Loop Abstract The presence of sand particles within production fluids can lead to serious erosion and erosion-corrosion damage to production facilities. Sand particle behavior in multiphase flow is complicated and as a result, the erosion mechanism in such a flow...

... corrosion for high pressure, large diameter pipelines under horizontal and 2° oil/water/gas multiphase flow conditions. The water cuts studied were 10%, 20% and 30% ASTM saltwater. The superficial gas velocities ranged from 1 m/s to 9 m/s under pressure of 0.27 MPa, 0.45 MPa and 0.79 MPa. The predominant...

... corrosion”. Due to the extent of the corrosion damage, a decision was made to replace the first mile of the line. The focus of this paper is on the internal top-of-the-line corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in production lines with multiphase flow. where V_l is velocity of the liquid...

...Abstract Long distance multiphase flow lines are now the predominant trend in the deep water production of oil and gas. Economics still demand the use of carbon steel as the material of construction even though carbon steel is prone to corrosion from the flowing mixture of oil/water/ gas...

.... However, the combined erosion corrosion test resulted in a degradation rate of 0.8 mm/y. Consequently there is a large positive synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion under these conditions. Evaluation of specimens exposed to the high velocity multiphase flow The degradation and attack of specimens...

...Abstract Critical fluid velocities and erosion corrosion rates are often limiting production rates in oil and gas production. A combined flow loop - jet impingement pilot plant has been used to determine mass loss rates in mixed gas - saltwater - sand multiphase flow conditions at impact...

... flow multiphase flow stratified flow water wetting INTRODUCTION The simultaneous flow of two immiscible liquids in pipes, such as oil and water, is a common occurrence in the petroleum industry. A significant amount of water is often present with oil from the well perforations to the final stage...

...Abstract A combined flow loop - jet impingement pilot plant has been used to determine mass loss rates in a mixed gas - saltwater - sand multiphase flow at impact velocities up to 70 m/s. Artificial brine with a salt content of 27 g/l was used as liquid phase. Sand content, with grain size below...

... is dissipated by elastic and/or plastic deformations. The aim of the present work is to present preliminary results on material loss of highly alloyed steels under highly turbulent erosion corrosion conditions in a multiphase flow. The long term goal of this and future investigations will be the establishment...

... NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 part 2. The behavior of different CRAs is estimated through working windows information. Materials selection tubing casing OCTG multiphase flow sweet corrosion hydrogen sulphide software carbon and low alloy steel corrosion resistant alloys INTRODUCTION Corrosion...

...Abstract A mechanistic model for predicting carbon dioxide corrosion in single-phase flow has been extended to predict CO₂ corrosion in multiphase flow. Mass transfer in multiphase flow has a strong influence on corrosion rate. Previous studies used correlations to predict mass transfer...

...Abstract The role of multiphase flow conditions in erosion-corrosion and FeCO₃ scale formation are examined using a laboratory flow loop circulating CO₂ gas, a CO₂ saturated brine and sand. Uniform scale formation, localized attack, and no scale formation were...

... Corrosion crude oil multiphase flow wettability inversion point Abstract The presence of crude oil in the oil and gas production has a significant effect on the corrosion rates of steel in CO₂/H₂S containing environments. The crude oil inhibition mechanisms can be combined...

... with trace amounts of H₂S in both single phase flow (V_sl = 1 m/s) and multiphase flow (V_sg=3 m/s, V_sl= 1 m/s). Under the conditions tested, both siderite and mackinawite films were developed as adherent corrosion product films. Localized corrosion was observed...