... to be identified and evaluated, before mitigation strategies can be defined^{[ 1 , 2 ]}. For this purpose, a wide range of corrosion prediction models have been developed ^{[ 3 - 30 ].} The following type of models can be distinguished: The earliest models, typically empirical and semi-empirical...

...offshore windfarm monopile foundation cathodic protection galvanic anodes modelling engineering painting system INTRODUCTION Corrosion protection of offshore wind farm foundations is designed based on technical requirements provided by International standards (e.g. DNVGL ⁽²⁾ RP...

... of the 5-M approach are modelling corrosion failure mechanism, mitigation, monitoring, maintenance and management. While this approach is not new, the discrepancies in application by operators have led to inconsistency and inferior results, hence the need to improve understanding and application...

... in the gas phase. Partition modelling of H₂S between water, oil and gas phase was applied to the measured sulfide data to give a real-world indication of the effect of H₂S in gas when resuming production following a shut-in. The following parameters were measured during the testing...

... pseudo-polarization curves which were used in a boundary element modeling software. Galvanic corrosion seawater copper alloy stainless steel biofilm chlorination pseudo-polarization curves modelling INTRODUCTION There is often a need in structures or equipments used for marine applications to mix...

...Abstract This paper reports the process and conclusions of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling performed to understand and evaluate the events taking place within the novel rotating coupon erosion-corrosion test apparatus. The test method utilises a rotating coupon being spun at high...

..., the corrosion rates measured in the annulus conditions are commonly 2 or 3 orders of magnitude lower than those predicted by classical CO₂ corrosion models. Moreover, measured pH is significantly higher than the saturation pH predicted by thermodynamic models such as CORMED. Recently, large...

... of this model is theoretically limited to the dry-gas lines (DG-ICDA) susceptible to encounter short-terms liquid water upsets. Thus, a new methodology is necessary to extend DG-ICDA method on gathering lines which contain wet gas/liquid water (WG-ICDA). Gaz de France methodology: WG-ICDA Internal corrosion...

... of concept' is an approach that often requires the use of quite comprehensive and labour intensive computer-based models. Although such models can be developed for specific applications, a simple alternative may be available using standard desktop tools, including commonly available spreadsheet programs...

... was determined from dimensional metrology before and after their exposure. These data have been used to derive empirically based corrosion models of the materials corrosion performance under these test conditions. The corrosion data/models obtained from this programme of work has been compared to that available...

.... There are many CO₂ corrosion models available for prediction of V_cor. Our choice of model is the Shell 95 model, which is well known from the literature. Following de Waard, Lotz and Dugstad ² the overall corrosion rate, V_cor, can be written as: (2) 1 V c o...

...corrosion corrosion control current distribution electric field modelling rail stray current steel sheet piles INTRODUCTION The hazard posed by stray current is not confined to structures in the near locality of the railway. Stray currents can flow considerable distances (particularly...

... chemistry beneficial to the extraction process and water chemistry that gives beneficial tailings behaviour is important in the oil sands extraction process where most of the process water is recycled. TABLE 1 VARIABLE INPUTS TO WATER CHEMISTRY MODEL Date Out of Recycle Pond (m³/h...

...Carbon steel materials selection feasibility corrosion modelling inhibition testing CO₂ pipeline Opex Capex life cycle costs INTRODUCTION Transporting wet gas from offshore production facilities for onshore treatment is often an economically attractive alternative to offshore...

...Expert system Failure analysis case-based reasoning questioning strategy Engineering failure materials failure modelling failure diagnostic Most information in F.A. is very difficult to quantify. Typical examples are stress levels at stress raisers, or pH levels for local concentrations...

... of current densities and atmospheric conditions, are encouraging. Cathodic protection titanium anode concrete reinforcing steel modelling passivation electrolyte anode history INTRODUCTION A number of years ago, we became aware of some new titanium alloys which were being made and tested by several...

... modelling software INTRODUCTION During the past decade, a trend that has dominated the industrial cooling water market has been ways to reduce water consumption. In many areas of the country this results in the operation of open cooling systems with longer half life, higher cycles of concentration...

... films, precipitate layers consisting of redox-active species in multiple oxidation states (e.g., Fe oxide films), clay and soil layers and biofilms. Examples of these various types of processes will be discussed and modelling techniques developed from studies for the disposal of high-level nuclear waste...

... and responsive, research into interface design and the understanding of human cognitive models for failure analysis decision-making is proposed. The development of structured models will show which factors are critical in a given situation and aid failure analysis diagnosis. failure analysis failure diagnostic...

...Abstract A model to predict the failure of Grade-2 titanium nuclear waste containers has been developed. Two major corrosion modes are included in the model: failure by crevice corrosion and failure by HIC. A small number of containers are assumed to be defective and to fail within 50...