...EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Experimental assessment of effects of nitrate treatment in bioreactors ABSTRACT Treatment of seawater injection systems with nitrate, as a potential method of mitigation against reservoir souring, was first started in the North Sea almost twenty years ago. It was initially...

...Below is Table 4 with post installation data. Similar to Case 1 de-couplers were used on each side of the road. The shorter section of mitigation cable experienced a smaller AC current drain while the longer section experienced the higher AC current drain. Abstract This is a case history...

... to successfully differentiate the halite inhibitors based on their performance and identify the top candidate for specific brine scenarios seen in fields in Argentina and the North Sea. halite inhibitor halite scale lab test protocol mitigation gas field INTRODUCTION Halite scale is also termed as ‘exotic...

...corrosion inhibitors alkyl tail length mitigation activation energy CO₂ corrosion mechanistic model INTRODUCTION Internal corrosion of mild steel transportation pipelines is a major issue in the upstream oil and gas industry, due to the presence of produced water ¹...

...Abstract Assessing and mitigating AC corrosion on pipelines with multiple coatings presents some unique challenges especially when there are significant coating resistance changes between them. Gas pipelines are constantly being upgraded due to class locations/relocations which result in changes...

... of a modified test protocol for ASTM 4060 to allow for comparable testing of different polymeric materials under defined, repeatable conditions. internal plastic coatings rod guide wear mitigation INTRODUCTION For more than 60 years, internal plastic coatings have been used for corrosion protection...

... the interstitial sites of the strands by means of gravity and capillary forces. Given the short dimensions used, no pressurization was used in these tests. Abstract Grouting deficiencies of post-tensioned tendons (PTT) have been associated with accelerated corrosion of the strands. A corrosion mitigation method...

..., including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced injectivity, reservoir plugging, production downtime, and extensive repair costs. Therefore, monitoring of system microbiology is essential in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due...

... to mitigate stray DC interference? With new pipelines being built and existing pipelines aging, maintaining a pipeline’s cathodic protection is a dynamic task that never ends. Safety, coordination, troubleshooting, various testing methods and construction practices are some of major parts associated...

..., and data interpretation for determining MIC factors. Pipelines Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Mitigation Danish Sector of the North Sea sulfate-reducing Bacteria (SRB) methanogens qPCR Reverse Transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) cell specific activity (CSA) index next generation...

... potentials were less than 5 volts. Soil resistivity along the swampy right-of-way at nominal pipe depth is typically in the 200 to 1,000 ohm-centimeter range. One few hundred feet long section of parallel AC mitigation conductor (DC-decoupled from pipe) had been installed sometime after pipe construction...

...Abstract Pipelines located near high voltage alternating current (AC) transmission lines may be subjected to induced AC current buildup. Present mitigation strategies employ parallel electrical paths, effectively dumping excess electrical charge safely to ground. These strategies use capacitors...

... electrical isolation measures were included in the transit system design and construction to control stray current directly at the source. However, these measures are degrading with age resulting in greater stray current leakage and an increase in stray current monitoring and mitigation by the gas company...

...* is the overall activation energy for the corrosion process, A is a pre-exponential factor, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. Abstract Surfactant-type organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used in the oil and gas industry to mitigate internal pipeline...

...According to the European Standard CEN/TS-15280:2013³, if AC voltage is higher than 15V, or AC current density is higher than 30 A/m², the pipeline is under AC interference risk. Therefore, AC mitigation for this gas pipeline is necessary. NUMERICAL MODELING AND AC MITIGATION...

... for AC modeling, corrosion threats and mitigation. AC mitigation modeling was in already in place which could have been used effectively. The first AC modeling was developed by Dr. John Dabkowski for the Pipeline Research Council International ¹ (PRCI). Steady State Conditions Fault...

...Abstract This paper will provide the understanding for the preservation of assets from the effects of internal corrosion. A pre-screening for the mitigation of internal pipeline leaks at upstream and mid-stream pipeline facilities takes in consideration the internal safety aspects because of past...

..., this paper aimed to study the field test, the numerical simulation calculation, and the design of mitigation. Firstly, field tests found that a natural gas pipeline system was interfered by a HVDC electrode in Guangdong province. The pipe-to-soil potentials along the pipe had deviations up to 300V, posing...

... to the sudden high corrosion rates experienced after many years of operation. The investigation included examination of ILI records, operating pressures and temperatures, oil pressure / volume / temperature (PVT) data, possible flow regimes, failure analysis reports, and mitigation practices. The dominant...

...Abstract Pipelines for transferring pressurized seawater constitute a significant part of the network for enhancing oil recovery in many offshore oilfields. To maintain the integrity of the system it is important to mitigate corrosion in the pipeline, or consequently corrosion may cause...