...(1) Fe 2 + + HCO 3 − → FeCO 3 + H + Iron carbonate deposited on downhole tubulars decreased well deliverability and restricted wellbore surveillance. Iron carbonate were also accumulated at wellhead manifold to cause flowline blockage. In addition, it is suspected...

..., it could even be used as a non-corrosive approach for direct annulus injection. scale control carbon steel corrosivity ultra-high temperature calcium carbonate iron carbonate well shut-in INTRODUCTION Shut-ins in the oil and gas industry are the implementation of a production restriction...

... was also proposed based on the physical proprieties and the nature of the surface. CO₂ corrosion iron carbonate top of the line corrosion decanethiol cementite scale INTRODUCTION Chemical composition and microstructure of carbon steel plays an important role in corrosion processes. In 1963...

...Iron carbonate acid stimulation mechanism INTRODUCTION The formation of mineral scale is a flow assurance problem during oil and gas production. Scale deposition on the surface facilities, downhole tubing and near wellbore region in the reservoirs may create many problems including pipe or valve...

... in understanding the level of protectiveness it offers. Many efforts have been put into the investigation of iron carbonate (FeCO₃) precipitation kinetics, ^{5 - 8} . as it is the most common corrosion product that can be observed in sweet corrosions. Most of the results were obtained from very...

... iron carbonate iron sulfide INTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are the two acid gases that are commonly associated with oil and gas industry. The presence of CO₂, H₂S, and free water can cause severe internal corrosion problems...

... based on three possible FeS formation pathways. EQCM iron carbonate iron sulfide precipitation kinetics INTRODUCTION Corrosion of carbon steel pipelines in oil and gas applications is often divided into two main categories: sweet corrosion that is mainly caused by aqueous carbon dioxide...

...INTRODUCTION (1) Current affiliation: BP America, 501 Westlake Park Blvd, Houston, TX 77079, USA Abstract Iron carbonate (FeCO₃) is a protective layer that can form on the surface of the steel as a by-product of CO₂ corrosion. This layer acts as a barrier, thus slowing...

... layers has a direct impact on the layers properties and their level of protectiveness. In the present study, the precipitation kinetics of iron carbonate (FeCO₃) and iron sulfide (FeS) were studied over a range of temperatures to gain a better understanding of their effect on corrosion...

... with and without the addition of iron. Using the results of this test matrix, the authors identify which chemistries best apply to a given set of field conditions. Scale Inhibitor Barite Calcite Iron Barium Sulfate Calcium Carbonate Iron Carbonate Table 6 Summary of Thermal Stability Test Conditions...

... of localized corrosion in a slightly sour environment. The experimental data was then analyzed and used to develop a correlation to relate these parameters to the likelihood of localized corrosion. localized corrosion sour corrosion pitting hydrogen sulfide carbon dioxide iron sulfide iron carbonate...

... and depth. CO₂ corrosion corrosion products uniform corrosion pitting pseudo-passivation iron carbonate iron carbide INTRODUCTION Fe 2 + + 2 HCO 3 − → Fe ( HCO 3 ) 2 (2a) Experimental setup, materials and sample preparation Figure 1 shows a schematic...

...(3) HCO 3 − ↔ H + + CO 3 2 − Dissociation of water: Abstract This paper presents a new approach to model the growth mechanism of the sweet corrosion product (i.e. iron carbonate scale) and to study the influence of the corrosion product morphology on the uniform corrosion...

... the scale and corrosion processes as well as the interactions between the inhibitor components. Iron carbonate deposits have been documented as protective layers that successfully inhibit or reduce the corrosion rate^{[ 3 , 4 ]}. Marril et al.,^{[ 5 ]} reported that calcium carbonate can...

... that [Cl^-] role was to significantly change the ionic strength of the solution, which affects the solubility of a protective iron carbonate (FeCO₃) layer and indirectly leads to localized corrosion. Therefore, it is still unknown exactly how or if chlorides play a role in the initiation...

... of steel to corrosion. Five different pipeline steels with different chemical composition and microstructure were chosen to investigate the effect of their metallurgy on the properties of iron carbonate and related corrosion phenomena that could lead to localized corrosion. The effect of a high liquid...

...CO₂ corrosion carbide iron carbonate steel microstructure INTRODUCTION Abstract The present research studied the role porous iron carbide layers (Fe₃C) on the formation of protective iron carbonate (FeCO₃). Two mild steels with similar carbon content...

...The formation of iron carbonate, as the main corrosion product on mild steel exposed in CO₂ environments, may retard the corrosion rate, but the presence of acetic acid is thought to damage the FeCO₃ layer and temporarily increase the corrosion rate ² . In spite...

... 360 and 3030 mg/kg acetic acid in the condensed water. Under these conditions corrosion products consisting mainly of iron carbonate were formed on the steel surface where condensation occurred. This is in contrast to previous experiments under similar conditions at 25 °C, where the corrosion products...

... to the formation of the FeCO₃ layer. Abstract This research aims to study the solubility of a protective iron carbonate (FeCO₃) layer in the presence of acetic acid using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Several sets of experiments were conducted in situ...