...EXPERIMENTAL Solutions were prepared using grade A glassware; double distilled water; and reagent grade calcium chloride dihydrate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride hexa-hydrate, sodium phosphate dodeca-hydrate, and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate. The reagent grade chemicals...

...INTRODUCTION It is known within oil and gas industry that correct experimental design to replicate the scaling conditions in the field is key to the correct selection of scale inhibitor and considerable effort has been expended in this direction. ^{1 , 2 , 3} The impact of dissolved iron...

... nor under deposit corrosion caused by iron deposit or hardness scale adhesion. This paper investigated iron deposition and hardness scale inhibition technologies for boiler water containing high concentrations of iron up to 30 mg Fe/L or silica up to 1,000 mg SiO₂/L in boiler water, which...

...silica polymerization inhibitors iron aluminum cationic polymer water chemistry INTRODUCTION Abstract Deposition of silica and silicate based foulants in industrial water systems (e.g., cooling, desalination, geothermal) and in reverse osmosis systems continues to be one of most difficult...

... on the turntable of the X-ray CT system (HiXCT-6M, Hitachi, Ltd.) and was irradiated in the X-ray MeV energy region to observe the inner structure, e.g. density, of the material ( Figure 4 ). The corrosion product was easy to distinguish from the iron matrix or the soil because the CT signal depends on the density...

... applications are also summarized. potential-pH diagram Pourbaix diagram web based application internet corrosion inhibitor sequestering agent amino acid tartaric acid hippuric acid 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1 1-diphosphonic acid glutamic acid iron nickel copper INTRODUCTION One sometimes overlooked...

... species associated with the adsorption of a triazole based inhibitor on alloyed thin films. Copper, cobalt-iron, nickel-manganese, and nickel-iron alloyed films were immersed in an inhibited aqueous solution. Inspection of the positive and negative spectra indicated different fragmented complexes...

...Oxidation Raman Spectroscopy Sers Iron Passive Film INTRODUCTION Because of the extensive use of mild steels and low alloy steels as structural components in power plants, a number of investigations have been made into the corrosion behavior of these alloys in de-oxygenated, high temperature...

... INTRODUCTION 1 Present address: Battery Research Group, KERI, Changwon 641-120, Korea Abstract The corrosion behavior of constituent metals (Fe, Cr, Mo) of iron-base and nickel-base alloys has been examined in 5 mass% NaCl at temperatures of 300-450 °C and at a constant pressure of 30 MPa...

... hydrogen peroxide iron nickel chromium molybdenum titanium oxidation dissolution pitting corrosion transpassive dissolution INTRODUCTION Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has lately attracted considerable attention as a method of destroying hazardous and toxic wastes. This technology offers...

... significantly lower vapor pressure than parent amines, resulting in longer residence times of inhibitor species at a metal surface. Their hydrolysis in the surface humidity film produces amine species that raise pH and adsorb on iron, as well as benzaldehyde species that serve as hydrophobicizing and biocide...

..., and when to sample? Boiler sample sampling isokinetic continuous grab on-line steam blowdown nozzle cooler safety pressure condensate iron particle particulate temperature tubing INTRODUCTION Once you have determined what measurements are required, it is then time to decide where...

...-induced corrosion is evaluated from a mass balance of free cyanide, complexed cyanide, iron, and thiocyanate in hydrocarbon, sour water, and wastewater streams. Analytical methodologies are developed to identify and correct cyanide interferences in sour water for this mass balance. The results of the mass...

... treatment programs. boiler calcium carbonate calcium phosphate cooling tower inhibition iron polymer scale stabilization thermal zinc INTRODUCTION The evolution and success of alternate corrosion programs for cooling, and stabilization programs for boilers have relied heavily upon specialty...

...Abstract Effects of corrosion inhibitors on corrosion products of iron or steel in aqueous solutions are reviewed. Several organic and inorganic compounds seem to have sufficient inhibition effects on rusted surfaces, but details such as the mechanism or influence of solution properties...

... of these materials were cathodically protected with either anode grade zinc or iron. Exposures were conducted in natural seawater flowing at 5-ft/s for 375 days while monitoring galvanic current and couple potential. Major changes in galvanic currents tended to occur within the first 120-days exposure, although...

... to the behavior of metals in aqueous environments. The objective of this work was to systematically determine the effects of solution species (water, acid, chloride, sulfate) on the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of aluminum 5052 and pure iron in methanol solutions. Acid was found to increase both...

... of the behavior has been developed. polyaspartic acid corrosion inhibition steel iron rotating cylinder electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy immersion test polarization resistance water treatment INTRODUCTION One type of corrosion inhibitor for steel that has aroused interest is the amino...

... as a result of oxide growth processes, thermal cycling or erosive particle impact. The results of an extensive study of the erosion-corrosion response of pure iron illustrate the influence of erosion induced scale exfoliation (spalling). The effects of erodent particle velocity and loading rate on spalling...

....) and the coupon surface and metallurgy are usually very different from actual boiler metals. Abstract The presence of iron and its oxides in steam generating systems presents a twofold problem. First, the presence of iron and its oxides may indicate that there is active corrosion occurring in the pre-boiler...