...The two Brazilian fuel ethanol samples presented a water content of 0.4 % and the US fuel ethanol sample presented a water content of 1.0 %. The tests were performed under super-dry synthetic air and ultrapure nitrogen atmospheres. The fuel ethanol to be tested was dragged with these gases...

... to be taken into account for reliable fatigue design. To reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission, fossil fuels are blended with biogenic components. Biofuels are potentially more corrosive than unblended fuels due to the hygroscopic properties, e.g. ethanol, which is added to gasoline fuels...

... of various polymeric materials are important. For biodiesels, uniform and localized corrosion of steels is important. This paper will provide an overview of research that has been conducted in alcohol fuels and identify gaps in knowledge. FGE Ethanol SCC Localized corrosion elastomers swelling Since...

...Abstract A significant increase in ethanol production has been observed in recent years due to the implementation of the Brazilian Alcohol Program, the Kyoto Protocol and the replacement of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in some countries. The world’s largest producers of ethanol are the United...

...Abstract The objective of this work was to study the effect of the total acidity and of the hydration on the corrosiveness of fuel ethanol. At the first part of the study, different ethanol samples with different total acidities were produced by: adding acetic acid in different quantities...

... States and the European countries, legal restrictions with regard to sustainable energy supply will accelerate this trend, for example, by establishing a requirement for a gradual increase of the ethanol content in gasoline fuels. With respect to its corrosive impact, however, the use of ethanol blended...

...Abstract Recent field reports have suggested that microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is occurring at biologically favorable sites in equipment handling ethanol fuels. Recent laboratory corrosion testing has demonstrated the susceptibility of engineering alloys to corrosion in ethanol...

...Over the period 2003 through 2013, extensive research was conducted by several trade and research organizations (including Pipeline Research Council International ⁽³⁾ – PRCI) and universities on ethanol SCC in the United States and abroad. Some of these studies focused...

...Abstract Ethanol has been used for the last several years as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), which is an oxygenate additive to gasoline, to increase octane levels, and to facilitate the combustion process. Pipelines are, by far, the safest and most...

..., microbiological (e.g., metagenomics, microbial community structure analyses), and physical analyses of fuel, water, vapor, sediment, and corrosion scraping samples from six retail fueling stations USTs. In all cases, ethanol and acetic acid contamination was detected in the USTs. Further, aerobic bacteria, whose...

...Abstract This paper details tasks and results of a major study to characterize impact of selected metallurgical processing and fabrication variables on ethanol stress corrosion cracking (ethanol SCC) of new pipeline steels. One of the primary goals was also to develop a better understanding...

...Samples Several samples of ethanol were collected from different sources and analyzed by the LABIO from the National Institute of Technology since 2007 ( Table 1 ). Abstract Ethanol is the most common alcohol and a renewable energy source that can be produced from biomass. Brazil and the United...

...Experimental Environment Using Eq. 4 , the wall shear stress for pipe and the tubing system used for the laboratory test can be calculated. To achieve the equivalent corrosion/electrochemical behavior of a 12-inch pipe flowing ethanol at 2 m/s, the laboratory flow loop has to flow the ethanol...

..., 75 ppm isobutyric acid and all three contaminants at the above concentrations; ■ Isobutanol appears to be generally more benign towards carbon steel in terms of SCC than either ethanol or methanol. Comparison of Pourbaix diagram of carbon steel in butanol with that in ethanol revealed wide...

...Abstract Carbon steel is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in fuel grade ethanol (FGE). It has been found that SCC in FGE can be inhibited by adding inhibitors. This paper reports the work conducted to evaluate NH₄OH as an inhibitor to mitigate SCC of carbon steel...

...Abstract Carbon steel, which is commonly used to fabricate storage tanks and pipelines, is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a fuel grade ethanol (FGE) environment. Dissolved oxygen and corrosion potential have been identified as critical factors contributing to ethanol SCC...

... program was completed that covers an important and yet unexplored area of ethanol stress corrosion cracking (eSCC) of steel equipment in ethanol distribution and blending facilities. This program aimed at generating new data on the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on eSCC and also attempted...

...On the surface, there appears to be a clear advantage for the cane-based bio-ethanol. As expected, reagent-grade ethanol also displays a relatively high threshold stress intensity. There is significant variability in the performance of the corn-based bio-ethanol; some of these were supplied...

... others presented values outside of the specified range. TABLE 1 Physicochemical characterization of Lots 1, 2 and 3 and the specified values given by ANP n° 36 ⁴ (Brazilian Standard) and by ASTM D 4806 ⁵ (American Standard) Physicochemical Parameters Anhydrous ethanol...

...A survey of published literature and service experience with stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) was published by the American Petroleum Institute (API ^* ) in 2003 ( 1 ). The research conducted by Sridhar, Kane, Beavers and others have indicated that pipe steel...