... from West Pipeline Company, CNPC. Bayesian networks Corrosion Digital Twins Erosion Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Probabilistic Digital Twins Risk Assessment Uncertain Data Uncertain knowledge INTRODUCTION One of the major current technology trends is “digital twinning”, identified...

... wear and corrosive-wear conditions in order to replicate and better understand the failure. Results showed that despite slurry erosion to be the expected damage mechanism, the failure was actually caused by a slurry abrasion process. This can create thickness loss rates much more aggressive than those...

... jet erosion, Coriolis scouring erosion, slurry sliding abrasion and slurry pot erosion-corrosion conditions. The results show that 15CrMo performs considerably better than the 27Cr counterpart under most of the test conditions but is only slightly better in the erosion-corrosion test. Based...

... distributions, the model then predicts the 1D particle velocity distribution using a simplified approximation given by: (1) v i = V v ¯ ( 1 − ξ i ) ( 1 − c i C max ) Abstract We have developed a web-based erosion-corrosion model for dense, settling, horizontal...

... Fiber Leak Internal Wall Loss Corrosion Erosion Vertical Knock-Out Drum Milliken Pipe Wrap INTRODUCTION In December 2015, a composite repair design company was contacted by a large international service company to review a vertical knock-out drum with severe damage. The system had suffered...

.... On the other hand, low pH, low temperature and high flow velocity can prevent the iron carbonate scale from forming on the steel surface and leads to higher corrosion rate. Solid particle erosion can also have significant effect on CO₂ corrosion if it is taking place along with corrosion process...

...Abstract Oil and gas companies apply different methods to limit erosion-corrosion of mild steel lines and equipment during the production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs. One of the frequently used methods is limiting the flow velocity to a so-called “erosional velocity,” under which...

... with process conditions as they impact the corrosion/erosion rate within a piping circuit, vessel, heat exchanger shell, or other asset. Numerical tools such as data filtering and linear regression are easily deployed in software. Precision of Corrosion Rate Measurements With certain assumptions...

...Abstract Erosion-Corrosion behavior of carbon steel material was investigated under iron carbonate scale forming conditions in a CO₂ saturated environment as it was impinged by CaCO₃ and sand particles. Experimental data were collected with the objective of studying...

... is a feature of the oil sands operation. Modelling of erosion in dense slurry flow under oil sands process conditions is challenging. Although several erosion models are currently used for upstream produced sand application under very dilute sand conditions, extension of those models to dense slurry flow...

...: Buried pipelines, offshore / integrated erosion monitoring, manual data collection solutions. When Wireless Solutions Are Optimum ▪ Wiring cost is prohibitive or impractical ▪ Fully-automated and integrated data-collection solution ▪ Typically, <2X per day measurement frequency ▪...

... and graphics provided for rapid data filtering, ease of trend interpretation and the use of predictive statistics for determining erosion rates and remaining useful life estimation. METHODOLOGY In particular, over the years, a focus has been applied to the mechanism associated with the influence of sand...

... the most widely used marine engineering copper alloys. The direction of future developments is also discussed. Technically, the paper covers the influence of refined composition and/or heat treatment which have optimized the properties of copper-nickels and NABs in terms of localized corrosion and erosion...

...This paper explains the best practice to deliver the above integrity monitoring capabilities in areas of fixed equipment that are at elevated risk of localized corrosion or erosion in oil and gas facilities. Deployments of Arrays of Point Measurement Sensors in High-Risk Areas Ultrasonic wall...

...Abstract Inhibited erosion-corrosion of low carbon steel material (UNS G10180) was investigated in a CO₂ saturated oil-brine-sand flow. Experimental data for erosion, corrosion, and erosion-corrosion (E/C) were collected using a 3-cell erosion-corrosion flow loop that allows all three...

...Abstract Pipe fittings such as elbows and tees are often used in oil and gas production systems and are vulnerable to erosion damage when sand production is anticipated. Annular flow and low liquid loading flows are mostly observed in multiphase gas production pipelines. Sand erosion of elbows...

... fuels and bed materials, the fluidized-bed boilers typically experience serious material erosion and wear problems for the waterwall, in-bed heat-exchanger tubes, and convection pass tubes such as superheater tubes. ^{2 , 3 , 4} Abstract Boiler components, such as waterwalls and convection...

...Abstract Erosion and erosion-corrosion are significant threats in the oil and gas industry. Erosion-corrosion is attributed to the combination of electrochemical dissolution due to the presence of corrosive agents and mechanical damage caused by particle impingement. For this study, Acoustic...

... alloy, possibly by use of an activating trace element. Another possible contributing factor was cavitation erosion on a rough surface. Thermally-sprayed aluminum seawater flow corrosion passivity erosion cathodic protection¹ INTRODUCTION Thermally sprayed aluminum (TSA) has been known...

... is to determine erosion-corrosion damage caused by liquid impacts in the oil and gas industry. The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 14E (API RP 14E) guide describes a method for calculating an erosional velocity for clean service. Some authors believe that the basis for API RP 14E is erosion due...