... hydrogen atoms may diffuse through the steel more easily. If the number of drawing steps is increased, the residual tensile stresses will increase and hence increases the diffusivity of hydrogen atoms [ 17 ]. For this reason, the ASTM standard requires a thermo-mechanical treatment step following...

... life of the protective lining. Fabrication Long Service Life Polymer Composition Wets Diffusion Thickness Contact Angle INTRODUCTION Rubber lining is used in critical process equipment, process vessels, storage tanks, tank-farms, pipes and fittings. Annual production targets are fixed based...

... thickness as a function of time at 650°C can be predicted. By analyzing the concentration curve of Al within the coating the diffusion coefficient was obtained. Diffusional model of aluminide coatings with multiple layers Figure 9a shows a backscattered electron image of cross-sectioned UNS S30400...

... suggests water interferes with intermolecular bonding and reducing the bulk materials ability to diffuse stress concentrations and lowering its overall strength. water sorption diffusion water borne urethane epoxy coating mechanical strength INTRODUCTION Anticorrosive polymer coatings are widely...

... concrete may however be often considered as being saturated and in such case the diffusivity of oxygen through water-saturated concrete is much lower than that through dry concrete. A severe diffusional limitation of the cathodic reaction then takes place and an associated decrease of the corrosion rate...

..., was correlated with a major process parameter change in the plant operation, which greatly reduced the protection of the aged 304H SS from carburization and metal dusting. Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion was applied to describe carbon diffusion kinetics into the bulk pipe steel, the heat-affected zone (HAZ...

... of permittivity factor of coating, the radius of cathodic disbandment increases. When epoxy exposes in electrolyte, the diffusion of ions and water in coating caused of reduction of electrical resistance. The cathodic disbonding radius (r) decreases with diminish passing ions and water from epoxy coating...

... of VCI concentration decreasing with increasing age. The division of films into groups and diffusion of VCI was confirmed by significant decrease of Mo content determined by PIXE spectroscopy after accelerated aging in vacuum at 50 ° C. It was concluded that films with initial concentration of Mo above...

... periodically and analyzed. At the end of the test the coupons were removed and the corrosion rates were determined. Abstract A diffusion based controlled release technology is now being used as a method to introduce chemistry into an open recirculating cooling system. Controlled release technology applied...

...). Typical concrete distress included minor rust staining (not necessarily indicating corrosion of reinforcement steel) and thin longitudinal cracks (likely caused by mechanical damage from pile driving). Chloride ion diffusivity was low, in the order of 1x 10^-9 cm²/s. Other measured...

... in the years 2000-2001. The project’s main thrust was to characterize the electrical resistance of all Florida structural concretes by both RCP and SR ³ . The second set of samples consisted of 19 mixes from both lab and field samples in a project investigating the diffusion properties of Florida...

... sludge was supplied with artificial sewage with 20 mg/1 CMI, CMI-resistant bacteria became dominant in the bacterial consortia. biocide antibacterial activity biofilm diffusion INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation in a cooling pipe causes not only a decrease in heat conductivity but also choking...

... sulfide scale stability. Use of a simple modeling program to determine a diffusion coefficient for seamless pipe during full ring testing and to determine sample soak duration when running hydrogen charged mechanical tests will be presented. Hydrogen Permeation Hydrogen Permeation Steel Diffusion...

... the reversibly trapped concentration. In two-phase systems such as duplex stainless steels, calculation of the hydrogen concentration sub-surface presents more of a challenge. However, at temperatures less than about 80 °C, diffusion in the austenite is so slow that it can be neglected. The permeation current...

... Ck67 Ck67Mo diffusion INTRODUCTION Hydrogen induced cracking, especially of high strength steels, has been investigated by a large number of authors. There have been reported solubility and diffusion data in steels with different compositions ¹ , microstructures and levels of cold...

... diffusional processes behave in a similar manner as does nickel in NiAl where stoichiometry plays a strong role [ 8 ]. Pt is relatively immobile in the Al-rich NiAl phase and highly mobile in the Ni-rich NiAl phase. A chromium-silicon aluminide coating is formed by inward diffusion of the aluminum and silicon...

... under cathodic protection. 13Cr stainless steel Laser welding Corrosion resistance Distribution Diffusion INTRODUCTION Low carbon martensitic stainless steels have been widely accepted to seamless pipes used in oil and gas production with an optimum combination of strength and corrosion...

...diffusion permeation adsorption absorption fluoroplastic extruded pipe designed experiment factorial anisotropy INTRODUCTION Abstract This paper outlines preliminary work, part of a longer term programme to assess the feasibility of using trapped fluids to probe the morphology...

... of treatment on rebar pull out strength. electrochemical chloride extraction ECE corrosion reinforcing steel cathodic protection bridges rehabilitation maintenance corrosion rate half cell potentials chloride removal desalination chlorides concrete durability bond reinforcement diffusion...

... to varying depths. The 5OCu/5OAg interface, derived from the Auger Electron Spectroscopic concentration-depth profile, initially moved into the copper toward the outer dissolving surface, indicating enhanced diffusion of copper into silver. After longer times at all anodic current densities, the interface...