... on preventative maintenance. ▪ Many of the tubes were found choked-up internally. Approximately 105 tubes (28%) were found leaking during hydro testing. After cutting the tube sheet, severe fouling/deposits were observed on the shell side of the heat exchanger. ▪ The Gas/Gas heat exchanger tube bundle...

...Despite the general efficacy of HCC, complete removal of tenacious hardened deposits, particularly tube collars at the TTS, is usually not achieved. Also, the cost and complexity associated with each HCC evolution are significant, typically requiring a per-plant investment on the order of US$10...

... Brine: Brine-A, Brine-B and Brine-C This paper gives a comprehensive study of the kinetics of CaCO₃ deposition considering the effects of calcium and bicarbonate concentrations. The study encompasses thermodynamics prediction, laboratory evaluation and inhibitor evaluation...

...Corrosion characterization focused only on the thinned section of the tubes. Figure 3a shows that the thinned external tube surface was covered by a layer of flaky deposits and some powdery ‘bush-like’ features scattered over the surface. These flaky waterside deposits were covered by a layer...

... of effective mitigation. The relationship between the chemical composition, microbiology and physical nature of surface deposits with the corrosion initiation morphology and severity observed on a coupon provides important clues to the mechanisms driving localized corrosion. This understanding resulted...

...RESULTS Exposure tests under gas atmospheres Table 2 Test environments Simulated system Vol. % Temp., °C Deposits, wt% Test duration, h N₂ O₂ CO₂ H₂O Ar Air - firing 73.7 1.8 16 8.5 - 600, 650 No 168, 500, 1000 Oxyfuel...

... present in crude oil, except for the saturates, and allow for the compositional determination of thousands of species present in crude oil at a level of detail never before thought possible. Current applications include heavy oil and bitumen analysis, production deposit characterization, naphthenic acid...

...Abstract An expensive boiler repair resulted from a seemingly small water quality problem. Periodic tube failures in a fire tube boiler caused frequent production interruptions. The tube failures were caused by heavy deposits on the shell side of the inlet boiler tubesheet resulting in pitting...

... on the results from the failure analysis, it was determined that the most probable cause of the leaking valve was ceased seat motion resulting from scaling on the mating surfaces of the floating seats and the valve body. An increased water cut likely caused the scaling deposits when the petroleum-based lubricant...

... corrosion due to the formation of a non-uniform asphaltene film. In order to mitigate such corrosive processes in gas installations, a corrosion inhibitor was being applied in gas gathering and compression plants. After chemical treatment was initiated, solid deposits were found at the end of a 8274 kPa...

... processes responsible for creation of solutions amenable to the potential cracking of line pipe steel under disbonded coatings. high pH SCC neutral pH SCC electrolytes coatings deposits pipelines INTRODUCTION Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a form of environmentally assisted cracking. By its nature...

... practical recommendations for MIC prevention in water handling units are given. M icrobially Influenced C orrosion process water pitting heat tints deposits scaling anion-selective precipitates crevice corrosion electrochemistry INTRODUCTION Cooling of process equipment is one of the most...

... are the effects of corrosion and deposition. Corrosion is normally linked to poor control of the environment, which can be due to inadequate maintenance procedures or improper initial design. closed systems corrosion control design solutions chemical cleaning chemical treatment deposits materials selection...

...Microstructural features of hydrogen damage and metal creep are distinctly different, and are readily distinguished. Hydrogen damage exhibits loss of tube wall thickness due to corrosion beneath the deposit, intergranular cracking which initiates from the tube interior, and loss of carbon from...

...The removal of bark and conversion of the logs into chips are processes which are relatively free of deposits which promote corrosion. The abrasive operations occurring in this area of the mill tends to clean itself of deposits. Additionally these are relatively dry, ambient temperature processes...

... and recognizing when this mode of damage has occurred, several case histories, and comments regarding possible corrosion mechanisms. boiler tube deposits phosphate corrosion maricite sodium phosphate equilibrium phosphate INTRODUCTION Sodium phosphate has been used as a boiler water additive for many years...

...Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of the corrosion behavior of eight high chromium alloys exposed to three different oil ash deposits with V/(Na+S) atomic ratios 0.58, 2.05 and 13.43, respectively. The alloys were exposed to ash deposits at 750 and 900°C; in this temperature range some...

...corrosion high temperature oil ash boilers deposits fuel oil stainless steels superheater tubes reheater tubes vanadium corrosion asphaltene INTRODUCTION High temperature fireside corrosion in boilers depends on the phenomena occurring during the combustion of fuel-oil sprays introduced...

... contain approximately 70% iron oxides. However, analysis of deposits removed from tube surfaces showed that they contain only about 30% iron oxides. Detailed analysis as well as simulation experiments have provided the basis for a model of hard sludge build-up. According to this model, a near-surface...

... materials selection materials utilization deposits INTRODUCTION The growth of interest in the safe containment of industrial and domestic refuse has become more widely recognized in recent years, particularly the need for waste-to-energy installations ^{1 - 5} . In part this interest arises from...