...Flow assurance Surface Treatment Coating Asphaltene Wax Adhesion Deposition INTRODUCTION Deposition can occur based on many species present in oil production lines. Some components, such as waxes and asphaltenes come from species contained within the produced oil, while others...

...In this paper we present a new laboratory test method that is relatively quick, inexpensive, based on deposition and offers good correlation with field behaviour. The technique can be used both to assess asphaltenes deposition risk and to evaluate asphaltenes inhibitor (AI) chemical efficiency...

...Abstract Silica scales are perhaps the most recalcitrant deposits in the water treatment industry. Silica scale control can be achieved either by silica removal or by chemical inhibitors. Our goal is the discovery, design and application of organic additives that have some effect on silica...

...Abstract Metal sulfide mineral scaling, fouling and deposition are frequently encountered problems in geothermal systems. Their formation, crystallization and deposition occur principally because of their extremely low solubility, based on the low solubility product (K_sp...

... (Fe^2+/3+) or aluminum (Al³⁺) and their hydroxides. Corroded steel surfaces (e.g., on pipes or heat exchangers) are very prone to silica fouling. Iron oxides/hydroxides act as deposition matrices for silica (either soluble or colloidal) deposits. Abstract Silica formation...

...INTRODUCTION Metal silicates form in process waters with high silica and polyvalent metal ion content. ^{1 , 2} Such precipitates/deposits are common in geothermal installations. Iron and magnesium silicates exhibit low solubility in brines with low enthalpy, ³ while aluminum...

...Ultrasound abiotic biotic fouling monitor deposit thickness fouling Factors U-coefficient heat transfer coefficient shear stress Reynolds Number in situ ex situ deposition optical coherence tomography INTRODUCTION One of the main causes of performance loss, quality...

...). Preventing silica polymerization using additive(s). Inhibiting metal-silicate precipitation. Incorporating additive(s) into water treatment programs to disperse silica-silicate deposits. Effectively controlling other scales such as CaCO₃ to minimize the incorporation of silica species...

...Abstract Synthetic dispersants have been used to control waterside deposition in industrial and commercial boilers for many years. Over the past two decades steady improvements in the cost and performance of reverse osmosis membrane and increased usage of de-ionized water in lower pressure systems...

... is one option for removal and inhibition of sulfur deposition in sour gas systems. Physical solvents dissolve sulfur into the hydrocarbon phase, while amine-based solvents generate water soluble ionic polysulfide products. Does the removal of sulfur deposits create a false sense of security...

... carbonate (CaCO₃) and barium sulfate (BaSO₄) are common types of scale encountered in these sectors. Scale predictions are typically based on thermodynamics and tend not to give a time-based quantification of surface scale growth. Recent work clearly demonstrated that scale deposition...

.... Abstract Elemental sulfur is often produced by sour gas wells and carried by the sour gas during the production and transportation. When temperatures and pressures change, sulfur may first precipitate out from the sour gas and then deposit on the production tubing or pipeline wall. Sulfur deposition can...

...Abstract Sulfur deposition has been a prominent internal corrosion accelerant issue in sour gas pipeline production operations. In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the behaviour of elemental sulfur (S₈) deposition in a sour-gas petroleum pipeline. During...

... are provided in the sections below. CORROSION MECHANISM 1: AMMONIUM CHLORIDE DEPOSITION Background Beginning in late 2004, there were indications of corrosion activity in several of the pressure relief valves (PSV) located at the top of the distillation tower. These PSV’s were connected along a common...

... (eg. CaCO₃, BaSO₄, etc.). This, at first glance seems to be a beneficial feature, because silica deposition on “hot” surfaces (eg. heat exchanger tubes) may be reduces, however, presence of other metal ions or corroded surfaces usually worsen silica deposition...

... the challenge of amine contamination. amines chloride salts deposition crude unit overhead corrosion fouling INTRODUCTION Operating parameters can accelerate the potential for amine contamination in the crude unit. Higher throughput rates and poorer crude quality can act in tandem to reduce desalter...

...XRD and laser Raman spectroscopy observation of scale compounds Abstract It was earlier reported that chromium ion originating from autoclave material (Ni-44Cr-1Mo) deposited on the specimen surface as chromium oxide and the protective chromium oxide layer mitigated corrosion of almost all...

... recurrent failures are also discussed. Boiler Failures Feedwater Tank Waste Heat Boiler Package Boiler Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Weld Defects Tube Rolling Overheating Deposition Liquid Metal Embrittlement INTRODUCTION Many samples of boiler components can be examined by routine analysis...

... solution as ions from MC alloy and deposited on the specimen as protective layer. Abstract Seven kinds of corrosion tests were carried out on thirteen kinds of Ni-base alloys in sub-critical and supercritical water containing 0.01mol/kg- H₂SO₄ and 800ppm- O₂ using Ni-44Cr...

...Water side deposits form primarily on heat transfer surfaces, such as the fire tubes. Only rarely will the deposits be present on the boiler shell, and even when deposits are present on the shell, much less accumulated material will be present. Similarly, supporting structures not exposed to heat...