..., pipelines, and rail. For the most part biodiesel is transported by truck and, to some extent, by rail. Abiotic corrosion Microbiologically influenced corrosion Oxidative degradation of biodiesel High-temperature oxidation Non-metallic material degradation. Abiotic corrosion Regardless of how...

... years, one solution used to mitigate the external corrosion in the pipelines has been with the use of liquid epoxy resin-based coatings. Nevertheless, beside the use of liquid epoxy coatings, very little is known however about the degradation of these coatings at high temperatures. The main purpose...

... is normally more damaging to the structure than the vapor phase. Bovey F.A. and Winslow F.H. ⁴ mentioned that when relative humidity exceeds 70%, the rate of polymer degradation by the microorganism increase. High temperature and high humidity enhance hydrolytic degradation of the polymers. M.K...

... was observed on all three installations. The TSA was corroding under the paint, with corrosion creep rates of several centimeters per year. When the TSA had corroded away the steel underneath started to corrode, as illustrated in Figure 1 . Degradation Mechanism The degradation mechanism has been described...

... Scale Inhibitor Combined Scale Inhibitor and Corrosion Inhibitor Umbilical Blockage Stability Compatibility Inhibition Performance Degradation INTRODUCTION Several deepwater products were developed with the aim to be effective, stable and tolerant to a wide range of temperatures, increased...

... the three basic types of scale inhibitors. The literature does however report certain degradation of polymeric scale inhibitors below 500°F (260°C). Therefore, a group of five polymeric scale inhibitors with various chemistries and molecular weights were selected for thermal stability investigation at 350°F...

... of the commonly used biocides because it is degradable and non-bioaccumulative in the environment. Usually a minimum of 50 or 100 ppm THPS is needed to prevent planktonic bacterial growth and biofilm establishment. A much higher concentration is needed to remove established biofilms. THPS degradability, however...

... vapor is sent to the sulfur recovery units to recover sulfur. A small amount of lean amine is fed to the reclaimer to convert degradation products back to amine at high temperatures. These degradation products are formed due to side reactions of amine with carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbonyl...

... extensively studied, a number of questions still remain. From the literature, two degradation modes have been identified in glass-fiber composites: 1) ageing [ 1 - 3 ], and 2) creep-rupture (CR) [ 4 - 6 ]. Both are associated with a decrease in mechanical strength over time with exposure to a given...

... that internal pressure testing is a useful tool to monitor the degradation of thermoplastic piping systems. It can be used for quality control as well as for the decision making on investments by estimating the remaining lifetime. Substantial savings were achieved by delaying investments for several years...

...Abstract Selection of a weatherable finish is an important aspect of specifying an ultraviolet-durable coating system. There are many different generic types of weatherable finishes. A review of the generic t ypes, how the various types fail by ultraviolet degradation, formulation variables...

...Ineffective cathodic protection can be caused by the accelerated degradation of a coating such that the total cathodic protection current demand for full protection cannot be met. However, inaccurate monitoring of pipe to soil potentials is a common cause of under protection. Common examples...

...Supercritical water Ni-base alloy aging effect degradation corrosion mechanical property Fracture toughness Charpy impact value INTRODUCTION The fourth state of water, supercritical water, is recognized as promising medium for various chemical processes such as decomposition of organic...

...BIODEGRADATION/BIODETERIORATION OF POLYMERS Degradability of this class of polymers has been studied under both oxic [ 134 - 136 ] and anoxic conditions [ 137 - 139 ]. Their degradability is dependent on molecular weights. Molecules with molecular weights higher than 1,000 have been considered...

...Abstract In-situ corrosion sensors based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used to detect coating defects and monitor coating degradation. Three versions of the sensor were evaluated: sensors embedded between the primer and topcoat, sensors permanently attached...

... Technical Support Ease of Application “A” 5 3 “B” 5 5 “C” 3.25 4 “D” 1 1 “E” 3.25 5 Abstract Since 1996, a major North American pipeline company has been conducting large scale pipeline recoating in sections that are known to have coating problems due to coating degradation...

...Abstract Mayan ruins are suffering degradation due to high relative humidity, high temperatures and natural and anthropogenic pollution. Archaeological sites and historical monuments in the mayan area were constructed of different calcareous limestone, which offers different degradation resistance...

... speciation was performed using XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results of the evaluation showed that erosion-corrosion was the principal pipe degradation mechanism. The factors contributing to significant erosion-corrosion were found to include a lower Cr content of the steel than needed to suppress...

... sulfide, or both are contaminated by impurities in the feed gases and makeup water and by the products of the degradation and oxidation of amines occurring in the units themselves. Feed gas impurities include oxygen, carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, brine, solid particles...

...Abstract Composites are finding wide range of applications because of excellent mechanical and thermal energy absorption at different temperature levels. However, there may not be any chemical equilibrium under certain extreme temperature fluctuations. Therefore, continuous degradation of physical...