... risk assessment corrosion simulation corrosion prediction computer modeling INTRODUCTION The FEM uses a new and unique thin film approach, compromising an analysis based on a constant film thickness and constant film conductivity (derived from the environmental parameters), and a potential method...

... 220kV wind farm transmission line in the southwestern United States. Very extensive computer modeling was required to find acceptable grounding techniques and practices on the four large diameter natural gas pipelines that were affected by the 220kV circuit. Work was divided into two phases so...

... to help alleviate elevated AC potentials. AC interference mitigation current density AC-influenced corrosion electrical resistance corrosion rate probe cathodic protection remote monitoring computer modeling simulations INTRODUCTION This paper presents four case histories relating to monitoring...

... could be significant. Determining the issues that need to be dealt with for cathodic protection could allow design changes to current and new nuclear power plants to help implement CP. Macrocell Corrosion Steel Containment Liner Computer Modeling Cathodic Protection INTRODUCTION Corrosion of steel...

... the macrocell as discussed above. Macrocell Corrosion Steel Containment Liner Computer Modeling Non-Destructive Evaluation INTRODUCTION Several instances of corrosion of steel containment liners has been observed on the outside surface that is in contact with the concrete containment enclosure. ¹...

...For PCCP pipelines extending over hundreds of km it is important to identify the most cost effective system which must also be robust and provide the integrity needed over the pipeline life. In this paper computer modeling is used to aid the CP engineer in identifying the optimum system and to test...

... modeling to optimize ratios of scale and corrosion inhibitors for different water chemistries. The method is applicable to formulating single drum treatments, and for optimizing separate inhibitor feed rates. scale inhibitors corrosion inhibitors cooling water computer modeling optimization INHIBITOR...

... effectively and describe computer modeling tools that can be used to carry out accurate analysis and mitigation design for standard studies ^{1 - 21} . Such earlier papers have focused on a first order approximation of the interactions between power lines and pipelines. It is assumed, of course...

... to the design figures. In order to evaluate the development of the IC performance, CP computer modeling has been used to evaluate several scenarios for the different FPSOs. FPSO’S CP DESIGN CHALLANGES CP design of FPSO’s has to consider the following: Coating degradation (no coating repair during operation...

...) or to attenuate pipeline potentials after the pipeline leaves the parallel corridor. The software used for the computer modeling ⁽¹⁾ is highly accurate, as it solves Maxwell's equations directly, without simplifying assumptions of any importance made for 60 Hz calculations, other than the usual...

.... alternating current induced ac voltages pylon computer modeling Introduction Background During construction and subsequent operation of a pipeline, areas of close proximity between the pipeline and an alternating current (ac) transmission line can give rise to several problems during both steady state...

... conditions; and to the extent possible, the accuracy of these is verified. cathodic protection computer modeling galvanic anode pipeline potential attenuation seawater INTRODUCTION External corrosion of marine pipelines and risers is normally controlled using a combination of galvanic anode cathodic...

... of data therefrom, particularly in cases where anode spacing is sufficiently large that metallic path resistance is non-negligible. Pipelines cathodic protection seawater galvanic anode potential attenuation anode current output computer modeling INTRODUCTION Because of the linear or one...

...Abstract This paper demonstrates to what extent the layered structure of the soil influences the IR drop component in pipe-to-soil potentials and how computer modeling of this soil structure can be used to correct measured potentials. Various types of multilayered soils are compared with uniform...

... Schutz   R. W. and Covington   L. C. , Corrosion . Vol. 37 . No. 10 , October   1981 , p. 585 - 591 . 16 Gartland   P.O. , Strømmen   R.D. , Osvoll   H. and Johnsen   R. : " Innovations Developed through the 1980'ies in Offshore CP Design, Computer Modeling and CP...

... in the computer generated optimization study. Other benefits of fully complying with the OSHA requirement to implement engineering controls to the maximum extent feasible include: To obtain the necessary data to input various parameters and boundary conditions for the computer model, a detailed review was made...

..., tanks, and other industrial structures. This paper reviews the basics of computer modeling of containment/ventilation systems for construction projects and examples of the results of such minimization studies at sites around the country over the past several years. computer modeling ventilation design...

... coolant conductivities (0.1 μS/cm and 0.2 μS/cm) in the HTCs of two other commercial BWRs (Reactors X and Y) under normal water chemistry (without any added hydrogen). MODELING ALGORITHM Boiling Water Reactor computer modeling hydrogen water chemistry water radiolysis stress corrosion cracking ECP...

... computer modeling, based on experimental and empirical data provided guidelines for splitting the tower blowdown stream between final wasting to the evaporation ponds and through the tertiary treatment plant for reprocessing. Tower chemistry control based on saturation index values for specific scaling...

... 17 0.29 0.0204 0.0218 0.4 38 4.38 18 0.27 0.0206 0.0221 0.4 38 4.23 19 0.35 0.0208 0.0223 0.4 37 4.09 20 0.24 0.0209 0.0226 0.4 37 3.95 Current Attenuation - Computer Modeling Accurate calculation of the optimum distance between cathodic protection current sources...