... and aggressive environment to obtain a longer operation time. This paper explains the most common damage mechanisms of these alloys in radiant section such as creep/carburization, thermal fatigue/carburization, and thermal shock. State of the art analytical techniques such as macro-etching of carburization depth...

... discharge optical emission spectrometry revealed the formation of borides layers at the surface of the steels and slight carburization underneath. The growth of the boride layers followed parabolic kinetics. The nature of the formed boride layers was in good agreement with thermodynamic equilibrium...

... approximately 300, 600, and 1000 hours. Metallurgical analyses were performed on the exposed samples using optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, and a micro-hardness tester to characterize the scale morphologies and the extent of carburization in the alloys. Results indicate that the oxidation kinetics were...

... content even in nickel-base alloys. corrosion supercritical carbon dioxide nickel-base alloys iron-base alloys carburization INTRODUCTION Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) as a heat transfer medium offers the potential of a significant improvement in efficiency in many energy-related...

... with respect to the environment and conclusions are drawn as to the optimum products for various components of different power generation systems. Biowaste Waste-to-Energy Gas-to-Liquid Oxidation Carburization Sulfidation Metals Dusting Nickel alloys Stainless Steels Welding INTRODUCTION The use...

...Carburization Nickel Alloys Metal Dusting INTRODUCTION Heat-resistant Ni- and Fe-based alloys are frequently used for their high temperature strength and corrosion resistance in the heat-treating, petrochemical, and chemical process industries ¹ . Materials used in these industries...

.... Differences in behavior between the alloys are discussed in terms of alloy composition. Coking carburization chromia scales graphite formation INTRODUCTION Metal dusting is a catastrophic form of corrosion attack resulting in the disintegration of alloys after elevated temperature exposures...

...CARBURISATION AND METAL DUSTING Nickel has a low solubility and diffusivity for carbon making nickel- base alloys ideal for use in carburizing conditions. Stable protective oxides developed using chromium in conjunction with other protective oxide forming elements of aluminum and silicon are very...

... stress originated either from design or fabrication process, accompanied by severe carburization was recognized as a driving force responsible for observed failures. ethylene furnaces stress relaxation cracking carburization ASTM A312 - 321H alloy 800H INTRODUCTION Test samples from failed 3” inlet...

... of oxide layers on the surface of the alloy samples. At high temperatures (> 950 °C) the stability of chromia forming alloys starts to degrade due to the conversion of chromia layers to chromium carbide which is accompanied by increased internal carburization leading to a depletion of the chromium...

...) is endless, many fall into some general categories such as basic, acidic, oxidizing, reducing, carburizing or sulfidizing. The alloy selection can then be made based on the inherent resistance of an alloy type or family to each of these environmental conditions. Nickel alloys alloy selection corrosion...

...Corrosion Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Carbon Deposition Carburization INTRODUCTION * Corresponding author. Tel.: (608)-263-4789; Email: [email protected] Abstract Materials performance in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) has been explored as part of ongoing...

... monoxide during the de-coking promoted carburization and metal dusting process at these isolated locations of the crossover components. metal dusting stainless steel coke carburization decoking crossover piping INTRODUCTION NOVA Chemicals Corporation ⁽¹⁾ is a major manufacturer...

... Integrity Assessment Indirect Corrosion Direct Assessment ICDA Process Review Iron Sulfide Iron Oxide Fe₃O₄ Fe₂O₃ Metal Dusting Carburization INTRODUCTION When a new gas processing facility in North Central Colorado initially started up, a “black powder...

... on the specimens of conventional Ni alloys after test and the new alloy had no pits, indicating better metal dusting resistance than the other alloys. The test results have proven that the novel technique holds great promise in the variety of severe carbonaceous environments. metal dusting carburization syngas...

... resistant cast steels, with long-term high temperature application, is simultaneous carburization and oxidation of these steels in gaseous atmosphere of CO₂.Thus in order to study this effect, the CO₂ gas heating-test was carried out in the laboratory and the heat resistant HH cast...

...EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Abstract Carburization is a common degradation mechanism in carbonaceous gas streams at elevated temperatures in petrochemical industries. The crossover piping system between the convection section and radiant section of ethane cracking furnaces is fabricated from 304H...

.... Long term plant exposure in combination with laboratory exposures will give good indications about the metal dusting resistance of components in syngas. Metal Dusting High Temperature Corrosion Plant Testing Carburization Alloying Elements Metal dusting (MD) is a high temperature corrosion process...

.... In addition, Ni-base alloy has excellent phase stability which contributes long term creep strength and toughness. Matching filer metal of the new alloy is under developing and shows good resistance to metal dusting corrosion. metal dusting carburization syngas nickel base alloy oxide Cu dissociative...

... played an important role in forming crevices for coke deposit, initiating carburization, and subsequently metal dusting. The damage was restricted totally to the long seam weld. There was no visible damage found on two nearby circumferential welds. The major difference in these welds was the material...