... of minerals in aquatic systems, mainly with the formation of calcium carbonate. Metabolic byproducts of microalgae act as sequestrants of metal ions, thus contributing to the transport of heavy metals on mineral deposits. In this study, the effect of zinc and cadmium in the precipitation of calcium carbonate...

...ABSTRACT Calcium carbonate polymorphs are encountered in water intensive industrial processes and gas and petroleum production operations. The presence of water-soluble polymers at very low concentrations (ppm) is known to affect nucleation and/or crystal growth of calcium carbonate polymorphs...

... the naturally forming corrosion product (FeCO₃) and adopts it to give the surface scale reduction functionality. Normally the formation of FeCO₃ corrosion product complicates scale management. Mineral scale surface fouling calcium carbonate surface engineering SLIPS INTRODUCTION...

.... In the present work, in situ nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate is investigated in a microfluidics cell both in the absence of organic phase. Nucleation and crystal growth were directly observed in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchannels. Results are compared with work done in batch reactors...

...scale calcium carbonate calcium sulphate ESP INTRODUCTION Abstract Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) in oilfield is prone to scale deposition, largely due to temperature increases by motor heating, and turbulent flow and high shear inside of pump. In this work, the formation of calcium sulphate...

... and performance validation under various scenarios. The first category of wells had high-water production, featuring extreme levels of calcium and iron, as well as an ultra-high, bottom-hole temperature of 350°F. These wells began experiencing significant calcium carbonate scale precipitation when bottom-hole...

... their interplay is of importance for the development of cost effective treatment programs. In this work, the impacts of corrosion inhibitors on calcium carbonate deposition and inhibition were investigated. Experiments were carried out using the dynamic tube blocking method at 85°C and 350 psi. Three scale...

... 270 Sulfate 886 Chloride 32380 TDS 54480 Abstract Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is the predominate type of mineral scale formed in many industrial water processes including oil and gas production. Comprehensive and accurate knowledge on the CaCO₃ scaling mechanism...

..., and on a larger scale their fouling is also possible. Following the development of the microalgae colonies, calcium carbonate nucleation and growth was investigated on the colonies of the test algae species. First, experiments were done to determine the stability domain of calcium carbonate supersaturated...

..., was used for pH measurements. Standardization of the electrode was done by the appropriate buffer solutions. ¹⁴ A Metrhom 632 ^† pH-meter was used for the measurements, and pH monitoring and the measurements were recorded through a computer as shown in Figure 1 . Calcium carbonate...

...Abstract We present a systematic laboratory investigation on the impacts of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) chemicals, i.e., surfactant and polymer, on calcium carbonate scale formation and inhibition. Commonly used inhibitor products, which are based on tri-phosphonate, penta-phosphonate...

... the precipitation of calcium carbonate and triggered the addition of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate titrant solutions from two mechanical coupled burettes with the stoichiometry (Total calcium, Ca_t : Total Carbonate, C_t=1:1). During the precipitation process, samples were withdrawn from...

...scale formation kinetics of calcium carbonate calcium sulfate INTRODUCTION The accumulation of undesired deposits on metal surfaces is among the significant problems encountered in modern industrial processes which involve the usage of water. These problems are associated not only...

... diffraction powder (XRD) and SEM. ^{27 - 29} Rhombohedral calcite which is thermodynamically stable polymorph of calcium carbonate was obtained in the absence of biopolymer. A mixture of spherical vaterite which is unstable polymorph of CaCO₃ and dumbbell calcite was obtained...

.... erosion corrosion nonleaded brass hard water calcium carbonate aragonite INTRODUCTION Used as an engineering alloy for over a millennium, brasses (typically copper-zinc alloys with other trace metal elements) are widely used for intricate components in drinking water distribution systems...

..., and qualification of effective inhibitors for field application. calcium carbonate scale thermodynamic kinetics deposits INTRODUCTION The formation of mineral scale is a persistent and expensive problem during oil and gas production. Scaling of metallic or insulating walls in contact with hard water may create...

... based upon thermodynamic data without taking into consideration any kinetic aspects of scale induction times or growth rates. The aim of this paper is to investigate the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic control of calcium carbonate precipitation in the bulk and on surfaces. Standard bulk jar...

... iron. Each product’s effectiveness as a scale inhibitor was assessed by dynamic scale loop (DSL) testing against calcium carbonate scaling and barium sulfate scaling. Thermally aged testing used samples of the product aged for 24 hours at temperatures ranging from 110 to 170°C before testing...

... research in our laboratories has shown that the presence of small amounts (few milligrams) of iron oxide negatively impacts the performance of polymeric calcium carbonate scale inhibitors. ⁶ In this work, the inhibition of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) by five commercial phosphonates...

... that relatively small amounts of formation brine can through scale precipitation significantly reduce oil flow through the formation around the wellbore. Scaling Calcium Carbonate Brine Composition Formation Damage Water content in Oil Pressure Effect Temperature Effect Scaling Tendency INTRODUCTION Table...