...The steam/water loop system included an electric boiler and steel pipe loop, to produce low or high pressure steam (~100 psi). A closed loop system was assembled to circulate and maintain steam at 118°C (245°F), 90 psi. Tests were conducted on the control (no inhibitor was used) for a duration...

... vapor phase corrosion inhibitor was investigated. Electrochemical tests were conducted and showed a significantly lower corrosion rate in steam generating boilers and boiling water. Short term (720 hours) corrosion tests in boiling water showed a decreased corrosion rate from 5.3 mpy to 1.93 mpy for 50...

...Abstract Volatile filming corrosion inhibitors are increasingly utilized in industrial, utility and commercial boiler systems to control corrosion of low carbon steel and copper alloys throughout the steam-water cycle. This paper presents a novel approach for combining volatile filming technology...

...INTRODUCTION The pulp and paper industry uses wood-waste products as a biomass fuel to generate process steam. This biomass is usually fired in conventional grate boilers, and, more recently, in fluidized bed boilers. Corrosion in these boilers has been rarely reported because of the relatively...

... softer than the inside of grains, in spite of grain boundaries that were more carburized. Ferromagnetic transformation was detected on carburized 321H, 304H and 347H boiler tubes. On 321H and 304H it was necessary the use of a magnetic balance to detect it. On SS 347H ferromagnetic transformation...

...Damage in both air nozzles and flame swirlers were very localized: some places show a thickness near to the original and two cm distant from them thickness reduction is very high as can be observed in Figure 3 . Damage is similar to the reported case for non-cooled boiler components in the same...

..., but this was attributed to the heating process because the tube was cut with flame of oxyacetylene gun. Damage Location and Macroscopical Appearance of Damaged Tubes The four failed tubes in Boiler 1 were located near the upper drum, as it is shown in Figure 1 . Figure 2 shows a cross section of generator tubes bank...

...Abstract Misuse or abuse of chelants has long been recognized as a potential corrosion problem in boilers. In recent years all polymer chemical treatment programs have been introduced and although they are much more benign, even all polymer programs must be properly designed and controlled. Under...

...(1) Fe + 2 H 2 O ↔ Fe + 2 + 2 OH − + H 2 ↑ (2) Fe + 2 + 2 OH − ↔ Fe ( OH ) 2 ↓ Abstract Corrosion mechanisms remain a major cause of tube failures in operating boiler units. Conditions resulting in caustic corrosion, acid corrosion...

...The boiler belongs to a set of four very similar boilers (apparently identical). Water of the same quality is feed to all boilers. They supply high pressure high temperature steam for refining processes. A replaced section of the waterwall, including the four tubes shown in Figure 2 , was supplied...

...Corrosion in the boiler is often related to excess chemicals along with a concentrating mechanism. The acrylate/acrylamide polymer “chelates” soluble cations and disperses iron oxides and other suspended solids. It forms a soluble complex with feed water hardness and ferrous ions ⁵...

...Steam Temperatures 800 to 899°F (427 to 482°C) Tube failures for boilers operating in this temperature range all involved the superheater. At The Hague, Netherlands, which began operation in 1968, high wastage rates were noted in the superheater during the first year. Although the design steam...

...Boiler Design The two boilers involved in the tube failures are traditional water-cooled boilers and were placed in service in 1974. They are natural circulation boilers, with steam and mud drums, and include an economizer and superheater section. They are rated for 400,000#/hr. (50 Kg/s...

...Abstract Corrosion in boiler systems can be conveniently monitored by electrochemical corrosion rate measurements or by measuring the concentrations of corrosion products in the water streams. Electrochemical probes can measure corrosion rates directly in feedwater or condensate. When steps...

...Abstract Catastrophic corrosion of reheater tube spacers in boiler of a 350 MW electric power plant occurred after one year of service. Stainless steel 304 and 309 rods and plates of spacers were severely wasted by the contact of molten fuel oil ash rich in vanadium and sulfur. Operating...

... sulfidation high temperature oil ash boilers deposits molten salt vanadium corrosion sodium sulfate austenitic steels ferritic steels Ni-based alloys alloy MA 956 sigma phase intergranular corrosion INTRODUCTION Uncooled tube supports (not directly cooled by the process fluid) in Mexican oil...

... selected for their high temperature strength. However, their resistance to corrosion in the combustion environment was not known, since they are not typically used in conventional boilers. Alloys 671 and FeCrAlY were known to be corrosion resistant and represent potential cladding materials. In fact, Alloy...

...corrosion high temperature oil ash boilers deposits fuel oil stainless steels superheater tubes reheater tubes vanadium corrosion asphaltene INTRODUCTION High temperature fireside corrosion in boilers depends on the phenomena occurring during the combustion of fuel-oil sprays introduced...

...High temperature corrosion in boilers firing heavy fuel oil has long been a major problem ^{1 , 2} . Early studies on the subject were developed a few decades before ^{3 , 4} . Most of the experience in this field is associated with the utilization of the lighter residual fuels...

...DISCUSSION Abstract Abnormal high metal wastage rates were discovered in the reheater of a boiler at the Williams Station on South Carolina Electric & Gas Company, which had been converted from oil to coal firing in 1983. Originally, liquid coal ash corrosion was suspected as the cause...