... to evaluate the potential for MIC and subsequently assess the effectiveness of biocides to inhibit biofilm growth and mitigate MIC is presented and discussed. In addition, a case study is provided that demonstrates a methodology for performing laboratory experiments using process waters to determine if MIC...

... able to specify the biocides to target the bacteria present in the system. ⁴ Goal 2: Maintain deoxygenated seawater from deaerators (following filters) until injection Install online devices to monitor residual oxygen concentrations Evaluate the optimum device type to monitor residual...

... on the safety and reliability of energy infrastructure. Once initiated, biofilms are extremely difficult to remove. It is also well known that the application of biocides alone does not completely remove the protective slime layer of biofilms.¹ To enhance the effectiveness of biocides, research...

..., lactic, and butyric acids. A few types of acid producing bacteria, the true acidophiles, produce highly corrosive inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid. Biocide Testing Biocides were obtained from standard commercial sources and were prepared anaerobically by sparging with nitrogen gas for one hour...

... characterized genetically using 16S amplicon metagenomics. Biocide selection tests were performed with frac water sources and a drilling mud sample. Metagenomics analysis of the formation core material indicated that the indigenous microbial populations were predominantly biodegrading and general heterotrophic...

... on the electrode surfaces ^{4 , 5 , 6 , 7} . Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis Abstract Mitigating the risk of MIC in oil field production relies heavily on biocides and mechanical cleaning such as pigging. Biocides are often the only option for treating semi-stagnant, sour vessels such as SWD’s...

... of the population of microbes in a system due to the varying susceptibilities of organisms to biocides. This is a challenging task with standard culturing techniques which only allow for a small fraction of the total population to be cultured and identified. In this study, 16s rDNA was employed to maximize...

...Abstract Seawater injection is regularly used for pressure maintenance in oilfields during secondary oil recovery. Typically oxygen is removed from the seawater via a process of mechanical deaeration and oxygen scavenger is added to remove final traces. An oxidizing biocide such as hypochlorite...

...CDC Biofilm Reactor to Evaluate Biocide Efficacy Produced water samples were collected and submitted to our RD&E facility in Sugar Land. Upon arrival, 700mL of the produced or water injection fluid was added to an anaerobic CDC biofilm reactor and supplemented with sodium lactate and modified...

... Monitoring of microbial populations in oil and gas operations is routinely conducted in order to evaluate the need for and performance of biocides. Operators utilize a variety of methods designed to determine if bacteria and archaea capable of causing corrosion, fouling, or souring are present in the systems...

... and AMP in solution was used. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Sessile Kill Study A modified version of the ASTM ‡ single-tube method E-2871 ¹³ was used to determine biocide efficacy against sessile microbes grown on UNS G10180 disk coupons (grown in a CDC Biofilm Reactor ^† ). 1000mL...

... of these biocides in top-side water sources are effectively demonstrated by traditional microbial enumeration methodologies, such as “bug-bottles”, the long-term potential for protection of the oil and gas reservoirs from microbial-induced damage has received limited attention. A stringent two-stage laboratory...

... is established, then calibrating “real time” monitoring technologies and to choose test subjects for biocide treatment efficacy trials can be chosen rationally. Since implementation of high through put sequence analysis, the bottleneck for oilfield microbiology has shifted from basic identification...

...Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms in the presence of biocides simultaneously with bacterial growth and some electrochemical parameters. Hence, a laboratory system was designed to observe directly the progression of sulfate...

... to be in contact with the bacteria. A brief review on the potential of zeolites as biocidal agents Zeolites are porous crystalline pozzolanic alumino-silicate minerals with uniform molecular-sized pores. They contain metal ions such as calcium and sodium which are easily exchangeable by silver, copper or zinc...

... States oil company gathers and transports a variety of sour crude though its pipeline to the refinery. The system experienced leaks due to internal corrosion in the mid 90’s. The asset owner initiated an in line inspection (ILI) program shortly thereafter. The asset owner began a biocidal treatment...

... content of media, presence of oil, sulfide layer on the surface and metal type. The express screening of potential biocides active in relation to corrosive biofilms and the determination of minimal concentrations of tested compounds leading to destruction of corrosive biofilms were demonstrated herein...

... discussing the background survey of various fracturing water sources, the biocide selection process, bacterial mitigation program implementation, monitoring and optimization of a Barnett Shale fracturing biocide program. Various biocides were tested including glutaraldehyde, a glutaraldehyde/quaternary...

... be obtained with more precise and more current measurements of the process parameters and the compositions of the produced fluid and gas. This paper also emphasized the need to quantify the concentration of biocide treatment, which arrive at the remote locations in the produced water or seawater injection...

... pump modifications filtration corrosion fouling underdeposit corrosion fatigue odors glycol brine chemical cleaning biocides vapor phase corrosion inhibitors INTRODUCTION Industry has always been concerned with improving reliability of process equipment and avoiding unscheduled production...