...Abstract The nature of hydroprocessing reactor effluent air coolers (REAC’s) to form hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and ammonia (NH₃) from sulfur and nitrogen species present in the feed makes them prone to ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) corrosion. Various industry driven...

... into the software tool by comparing predicted corrosion rates with actual field data in H₂S-dominated sour water systems. ² Phase II Abstract This paper summarizes results from Phase III of the joint industry program (JIP) on refinery alkaline sour water (ammonium bisulfide) corrosion...

... ammonium bisulfide wash water maldistribution hydroprocessing INTRODUCTION Hydroprocessing units are used in oil refining to remove contaminants such as sulfur and nitrogen from fuels and can also convert heavier feeds into lighter products. Unit designs vary depending, in part, upon processing...

... simulating field conditions. This paper looks at characterizing the effect of flow, specifically wall shear stress, on corrosion rates in amine and sour water (ammonium bisulfide) solutions. It attempts to rationalize the effect of wall shear stress observed in differing corrosive environments and create...

...Abstract This paper summarizes results of Phase II of a joint industry program (JIP) that addressed ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) corrosion. This phase of the program was focused on NH₃-dominated sour waters typically found in refinery services such as the overhead systems...

... led to the development of new data and insights related to corrosion in H₂S-dominated Ammonium bisulfide sour water systems, commonly found in a number of refinery processes. The JIP, termed as Sour Water Phase I, provided a new methodology and software prediction tool targeted towards...

...Hydroprocessing unit Ammonium bisulfide Steels Ammine complexes INTRODUCTION In hydroprocessing units in refineries, aqueous ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) corrosion of carbon steels and alloys have been observed in the services containing H₂S and NH₃ at the Reactor...

... and Assessment of Ammonium Bisulfide Corrosion Under Refinery Sour Water Service Conditions – Phase 1 ", Issued by InterCorr International, Inc. to the Sour Water JIP Sponsors , June   2003 . 6 Horvath   R.J. , Cayard   M.S. and Kane   R.D. , " Prediction and Assessment of Ammonium Bisulfide...

... (1) Formerly with InterCorr International, Inc. (2) Acquired InterCorr International, Inc. Abstract This paper summarizes results of a joint industry program (JIP) to address ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) corrosion in H₂S-dominated alkaline sour waters typically found...

... the inhibition is continuously effective. Another important application of PEC is the extension of runtime of an installation nearing its end of life despite severe corrosion problems. An example of such a case is described below. APPLICATION EXAMPLE AT A HYDROCRACKER UNIT Ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS...

...ammonium bisulfide sour water stripper air cooler electrolyte process simulation process analyses INTRODUCTION Abstract This paper discusses a successful experience in solving corrosion problems in the overhead system of a sour water stripper. In general, corrosion in this area is manageable...

... to the unit conditions. Some units had no water wash, some used an intermittent wash and some were continuously washing. This paper defines a methodology for evaluating the risk of corrosion and fouling based on the process conditions, and then selecting the appropriate water wash strategy. ammonium bisulfide...

.... The paper provides examples where this knowledge and methodology have been applied effectively to a variety of hydroprocessing units around the world. ammonium bisulfide NH₄HS water wash reactor effluent air cooler REAC hydroprocessing unit best practices reliability risk INTRODUCTION...

... upstream from the cooler. Supplying a large volume of water for a sufficiently long time to reach and dissolve all of the deposits is the only option available. CORROSION AT INJECTION POINT Ammonium chloride corrosion can also occur at continuous water washes to reduce ammonium bisulfide corrosion...

...hydrotreaters hydrodesulfurizers ammonium bisulfide ammonium chloride corrosion material selection HISTORY OF CORROSION PROBLEMS Ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) corrosion is a well-known problem in Hydrotreater and Hydrocracker reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) areas. There have been...

...For low severity applications where modest amounts of ammonia are produced in the reactor, it may be economical to design for sufficient wash water addition to maintain the ammonium bisulfide (NH₄HS) solution concentration below 2 wt%. Industry experience has shown a much lower incidence...

... hydrodesulfurizing effluent ammonium bisulfide HF alkylation corrosion INTRODUCTION Clad materials have gained wide acceptance in the refining and chemical process industries as a method of corrosion control for pressure vessels. This concept has been used as a cost effective alternative to solid alloy...

... hydrotreating reactor effluent air cooler ammonium bisulfide Kp balanced and unbalanced headers inlet and outlet piping ferrules INTRODUCTION The hydrocracking process was introduced to the petroleum industry in 1959. Some of the first hydrocracking plants experienced a seemingly new corrosion problem...

... discussed along with measures for their mitigation. amines alkanolamine gas treating corrosion erosion cyanide water wash ammonium polysulfide acid gases SSC HIC SOHIC ASCC ammonium bisulfide chloride heat stable salts INTRODUCTION Refinery amine units must be designed to overcome...