... conditions encompassed by all three phases of the Sour Water JIP. sour water ammonium bisulfide NH₄HS hydrogen sulfide H₂S ammonia NH₃ partial pressure tie-in plots temperature cyanide velocity wall shear stress materials selection corrosion prediction model...

... and run lengths increase. One component of this problem is the risk of ammonia and amine salt formation. As the concentration of ammonia and amines increase, the probability of salt formation increases. Computer modelling is employed to calculate this risk and to assure the selection of a neutralizing...

... salt formation fouling neutralizer ammonia amine film-forming inhibitors INTRODUCTION Various remedies are used to mitigate the acidic attack from condensed water containing HCl, including neutralizing compounds like ammonia and organic amines ^{2 - 4 , 6 , 8 , 11} , film-forming...

... NH₄HS hydrogen sulfide H₂S ammonia NH₃ partial pressure isocorrosion diagram temperature cyanide velocity wall shear stress materials selection software sour water stripper INTRODUCTION For several decades the selection of materials of construction to resist ammonium...

... to be mostly chromium oxide. The results of the morphological analysis were compared to effluent analyses. Corrosion Supercritical Water Oxidation Stainless Steel Alloy 316 Ammonia Sulfate INTRODUCTION Organic phases which contain ammoniacal salts are candidates for oxidation at supercritical conditions...

... techniques were used to identify the mechanisms involved, including electrolyte simulation modeling, metallurgical analysis of weight loss coupons and ultrasonic thickness (UT) measurements. Recommended mitigation plans and their effectiveness upon implementation will also be discussed. ammonia chloride...

... case histories have had such different experiences even though the power plants and reclaimed water production facilities are very much alike. reclaimed water power plant tertiary treatment ammonia phosphate title 22 Reclaimed water, often called recycled water by its producers, is municipal...

...Corrosion attack of copper by ammonia in water is well known in the water treatment industry, and presents a particular challenge to reuse of wastewater sources that contain ammonia in cooling water systems that use copper and other metal alloys which are vulnerable to ammonia. Ammonia and ammonium...

.... These results demonstrate that the weld practice had not produced a susceptible microstructure. In addition there was no evidence of a contribution from the microstructure of the flange to the corrosion damage. The corrosivity of solutions containing carbon dioxide and ammonia arise from the formation...

... and decarbonators). Chemical methods, however, serve as back-ups to control the residuals of oxygen and carbon dioxide left by mechanical removal, ammonia generated within the system, and oxygen and carbon dioxide due to leakage. Typical steam generating systems usually consist of: a pre-boiler section (deaerating...

...-aged condition. The use of the NACE TM-01-98-98 slow strain rate tensile test is advocated as a production test method for very high strength copper alloys to verify resistance to stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. Copper-nickel stress corrosion hydrogen embrittlement ammonia amines...

... ammonia oxygen scavengers neutralizing amines corrosion scaling guidelines boiler feedwater boiler water steam condensate water quality oil removal INTRODUCTION Today, corrosion in steam generating systems creates colossal loss for refineries, gas plants and petrochemical plants. This loss can...

... link of steam generation chain may be deteriorated due to ammonia and/or hydrazine presence. Abstract Hydrazine injection to feedwater is generally used for of steam deoxigination in IEC Power Plants (PP). This work is based on result of laboratory investigation that is performed during lust ten years...

... efficiency. The preferred injection location is just downstream of the desalter, at a much lower temperature. Ammonia/Amine Neutralization and the Ionic Model The purpose of the neutralizing agent is to increase the very low pH of the first water droplets that condense, without forming corrosive chloride...

... chlorine, ammonia, sulfide and manganese were thought to accelerate the general and localized attack on the types of alloys mentioned above ^{1 , 4} . Chlorine is added to seawater to prevent marine growth which would cause tube blockage resulting in loss of heat transfer or impingement attack...

... environments include aqueous solutions containing ammonia, organic amines or certain concentrations of chloride ions at elevated temperature. This type of phenomenon has been rarely reported for cupronickel alloys, which are regarded as being highly resistant to stress corrosion ⁶ cracking. However...

... to yield a capable, cost-effective scheme. While water reuse in the ammonia and fertilizer industries presents unique challenges related primarily to ammonia contamination, the strategy outlined below has proven successful in developing water use minimization alternatives for a wide variety of industries...

... to date but also the potential users that involve a variety of industries. Specific case histories will be reviewed relative to water quality, users concerns, cost estimates, and expected equipment protection. Recycled Water San Antonio Cooling Towers Edwards Aquifer Phosphate Ammonia Scaling...

...Abstract Ammonia is a prevalent contaminant and issue in water reuse. Since ammonia exhibits decreasing dissociation with increasing pH, operation of cooling systems at high pH is effective in improving corrosion control, biocide demand and overall system performance. Polyamino polyether methylene...

... of operational and chemical parameters that must be addressed. These include; a clear understanding of the systems operating conditions and parameters, the quality of the reclaimed water, and an effective treatment program to control potentially high levels of phosphates, ammonia, chlorides, solids and other...