... are creep, thermal fatigue and high temperature sulfidation corrosion for the waterwall tubing, and creep, fuel-ash corrosion, fuel-ash erosion and thermal fatigue for the superheater/reheater tubing. Accordingly, corrosion/material degradation mitigation must be accounted for during the design and material...

... or Cr-Mo steel waterwall tubes is the application of sulfidation-resistant weld overlay claddings. For some supercritical units, corrosion attack can take the form of preferential sulfidation penetration which could lead to circumferential cracking in waterwall tubes. Superheaters and reheaters, which...

...Thermal stability tests were conducted with the conditions shown in Table 1 . Thermal stability of amines was evaluated by measuring degassed cation conductivity (DCC) of steam condensate after superheater. ³ DCC is the conductivity of drain with heating up to 100 °C to degas...

... the efficiency of a boiler’s steam cycle can be increased by raising its maximum steam temperature, alkali metals and chlorine released in biofuel boilers cause accelerated corrosion and fouling at high superheater steam temperatures. Most alloys that resist high temperature corrosion protect themselves...

... losses while scanning electron microscopy and x-ray elemental analysis has been used to characterise the corrosion damage. The rates and types of corrosion produced are described for both the furnace wall and superheater / reheater areas of pulverised fuel fired boilers. Both co-firing and oxy-fuel...

... applications will be presented as well. Weld Overlay Low NOx Burners Waterwall Superheater Reheater Coal Ash Corrosion INTRODUCTION FM ERNiCrFe-7 Overlay Experience The inception of the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 ushered in a new era of technology to the generation of electrical power by fossil...

... down” system. This paper discusses the rate of steam-side oxidation on Type 304H stainless steel (304H) tube after shot peening the internal surface with commercially available techniques. Shot peening the ID of Type 304H austenitic stainless steel superheater tubes has been shown to improve...

...recovery boiler black liquor superheater tube corrosion molten salt chloride sulfate alloy INTRODUCTION The black liquor recovery boilers used in pulp and paper mills operating with the kraft process are critical components of those mills. These boilers generate steam that is utilized...

... for. Austenitic stainless steel Boiler Superheater Tube Creep Oxidation Hot corrosion INTRODUCTION The worldwide demand for electric power is steadily increasing. At the same time, the awareness of the environmental impact of human activities is growing. While combustion processes generate CO₂...

..., ferromagnetic transformation of the alloy is detected even if the samples are lightly carburized. Detection of carburization Abstract Failure of superheater tubes in fossil-fired boilers has been associated to creep and high temperature fuel ash corrosion. Oxidizing conditions are typical of boiler...

...grain refinement recrystallization 347H stainless steel superheater microstructure failure analysis INTRODUCTION Analysis of materials microstructure is a very valuable tool during failure analysis and materials degradation studies. Carbides or sigma phase precipitation, sensitization, grain...

... this problem. caustic steam stress corrosion cracking superheater stainless steel INTRODUCTION A serious threat to service reliability in many industries is the sudden fracture of stainless steel components employed in steam service, such as superheater tubing, expansion joints, steam lines and turbine...

... evidence that the use of low NO_x combustion systems causes some carburization of superheater (SH)- and reheater (RH) tubing. In this paper available field data are reviewed to determine if the carburization observed has led to increased superheater corrosion. In addition, results of superheater...

..., alongside intergranular corrosion that was several hundred micrometers deep. Abstract In superheater tubes of high-efficiency waste-to-energy plants, high temperature corrosion may occur when molten salt containing chlorides or sulfates is formed in the ashes deposited on the fireside tube surface...

... films having low solubility in a basic solution. incineration hot corrosion chloride sulfate superheater molten salt waste solubility INTRODUCTION In many municipal refuse incineration plants, waste heat from the incinerators is used as a source of power generation. Recently, to improve...

...Alloy 45TM UNS N06045 incineration municipal waste chemical waste hazardous waste superheater molten salt attack INTRODUCTION In incineration both high temperature problems due to the combustion process, and aqueous corrosion problems due to presence of scrubbers and/or heat-recovery...

...Abstract In Phase I a variety of developmental and commercial tubing alloys and claddings were exposed to laboratory fireside corrosion testing simulating a superheater or reheater in a coal-fired boiler. Phase II (in situ testing) has exposed samples of 347, RA-85H, HR3C, 253MA, Fe₃Al...

...Steam Temperatures 800 to 899°F (427 to 482°C) Tube failures for boilers operating in this temperature range all involved the superheater. At The Hague, Netherlands, which began operation in 1968, high wastage rates were noted in the superheater during the first year. Although the design steam...

... in 1987 in order to instrument the superheaters and reheaters with coated termocouples and relate the metal temperature with the tube wall thickness. In Figures 5 and 6 was shown that when the metal temperature is increased above 600°C, the tube wall thickness decreased more rapidly. The increment...

... for uniform heating. At this time, 56 reheater and 54 superheater tubes were found cold. Flow was increased to 4200+ gpm (15.9+ m³/min) at a 200 psig (14 kg/cm²) discharge pressure. All tubes then indicated flow. The system was drained and prepared for steam blows and return to service...