... of corrosion rates due to hot oils containing naphthenic acids and reactive sulfur species has long been a challenge for the refining industry. The past 60 years have yielded a body of literature and research on the topic. Refineries have utilized a wide variety of published references, lab-based models...

...sulfur naphthenic acid Total Acid Number (TAN) corrosion model compounds high temperature INTRODUCTION Highly corrosive effects at high temperature of some heavy crude oils are the result of complex interactions between naphthenic (NAP) acid and sulfur (S) compounds they contain. ^{1 , 2}...

... % of H₂S. Pyrite formation also requires a source of elemental sulfur to form ¹ . Hence, the presence of high H₂S in the gas phase could be one of the reasons of formation of pyrite, other sulfides and elemental sulfur in the system. Elemental sulfur was observed in the deposits...

... of the coil and tubes need to be fired harder in order to keep the gas temperature inside the coil constant. Abstract Radiant coils in steam-cracking furnaces operate under severe reducing and oxidizing conditions at temperatures even beyond 1100 °C. Sulphur is present in feedstocks as natural constituent...

...The liquid sulfur produced is degassed to remove dissolved H₂S by circulation in an underground pit. The pit also provides storage space for the liquid sulfur. The recovered liquid sulfur is stored at a temperature of 270-290 °F (132-143 °C). The schematic flow diagram for one SRU...

... be taking part in the reactions proposed. Presented in this paper is our hypothesis for how microbial sulfur cycling may lead to an enhanced MIC risk environment in North Sea oil production. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Sample collection and chemical analyses Water samples were taken from North Sea production...

... Pyrite Sulfur INTRODUCTION In 2006, a paper was presented ¹ that reviewed the previous sixty years of research into aqueous weight loss and pitting corrosion that occurs in the presence of H₂S. One of the conclusions of that review was that despite 60 years of study...

... description of H₂S + CO₂ corrosion, it provides a very simple way to approach this corrosion threat, while also showing essential tendencies and suggested barriers that future mechanistic description should be able to explain. hydrogen sulfide carbon dioxide design inhibition sulfur...

... and potentially costly issue. Abstract Recent federal regulations have mandated the use of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) that contains sulfur levels no greater than 15 ppm in North America. While the lower sulfur content has dramatically decreased toxic sulfur emissions from diesel vehicles, other...

.../maghemite are chemically converted to sulfide and sulfur, leading to a slow increase in corrosion rate. Carbon steel sulfide sulfur corrosion potential linear polarization resistance SEM Raman spectroscopy pipeline integrity and microbially induced corrosion INTRODUCTION E_CORR...

... with hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the water. Areas where this water mixture can accumulate will provide location for precipitation of sulfur at as a result of the reaction between H₂S and O₂. CORROSION BY ELEMENTAL SULFUR Abstract Sulfur corrosion is usually associated with high...

...S-PS and Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) The corrosive nature of reduced sulfur compounds (e.g. sulfur, sulfide) has been well-documented ^{7 , 8} . Sulfide, for example, is known to promote the entry of hydrogen into steel, leading to hydrogen blistering and cracking ⁹...

... require "pit promoters" (sulfur, oxygen, bacteria…) and a galvanic effect with surrounding non corroding surfaces. It appears from reviewed experience that these promoters are mostly extraneous to produced fluids, apart from sulfur depositing from sour gases. It is worth noting that most factors have...

... of sulfide with nitrate, the oxidation of sulfur with nitrate, the reduction of sulfate with acetate and the precipitation of sulfide with ferrous oxide (see i to vii below), were entered singly or in combination into the STARS program, which has been used previously to model sulfide production and its...

... than that predicted by the modified McConomy curves in cases where significant concentrations of mercaptans are present in crude oils and hydrocarbon condensates. It suggested that these organic sulfur containing hydrocarbons cause higher corrosion rates than sulfur species in general. The corrosivity...

..., - including topography, water and condensate rates, liquid and gas velocities in the line. This is expected to first influence surface wetting by water. chloride content in water, presence/absence of elemental sulfur other solids corrosion inhibitor efficiency, if inhibitor is applied...

... trial was also performed. This paper summarizes the problems observed, analysis developed and corrective action implemented. naphthenic acid corrosion total acid number (TAN) sulfur iron sulfide iron naphthenate corrosion inhibitor INTRODUCTION This paper presents the experience of the Sincor...

... from pitting corrosion. Despite this strategy some lines have suffered serious corrosion and the corrosion has been predominantly caused by one of following four mechanisms: High chloride formation water, Low H₂S / CO₂ ratios, Methanol and Sulfur. One of these four...

... of choice than of necessity. The global conventional crude oil slate will become markedly different from that of today, as supplies of conventional light, sweet crude decrease, and they are replaced by crudes lower in gravity and higher in acidity, sulfur and other impurities. High TAN, heavy crude...

... results obtained by tests in thionate or comparable sulfur containing solutions should be regarded with great care and verified, e.g., by tests with inert specimens. Electrochemical noise intergranular corrosion thionate sulfur austenitic stainless steel INTRODUCTION After several pre-tests a 0.5 M...