... sources of corrosion potential evolutions observed in the experiments. Open-circuit potential passive film Hanford high-level radioactive waste INTRODUCTION The Hanford site in Washington state has 177 carbon steel tanks storing approximately 208 million liters of radioactive waste. Long-term...

... of the durability of cement-based composite structures. reinforced concrete strain-hardening cementitious composite engineered cementitious composite corrosion critical chloride content chloride diffusion macro-cell current accelerated corrosion test passive film INTRODUCTION Concrete is the world’s most...

... of the laboratory tests are conducted. The solution pH stability (bulk and pitting local acidification) during corrosion tests affects the passive film and pitting propagation and it is influenced by the buffer solution used ^{4 - 6} . Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC) tests are normally performed at 1 bar...

... months, and OCP evolutions were recorded. Electrochemical test results are presented to provide quantification of the OCP evolutions as a function of surface characteristics and waste chemistries. Open-circuit potential passive film Hanford high-level radioactive waste INTRODUCTION Approximately 55...

... mesh anodes electrochemical cathode electrolyte passive film chlorides potential substructure bent caps precast concrete cast-in-place INTRODUCTION Most metals are found in nature as ores or oxides. Only gold, silver and sometimes copper remain elementally stable when extracted from...

...CRA Hydrogen Sulfide Chromium Nickel Molybdenum passive film INTRODUCTION The increasing demand for oil and gas has led to the development of wells with high pressure / high temperature (HPHT) and/or high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) are standard...

... very protective passive film even in this severe environment. Stainless steel duplex Chlorine Corrosion Passive film Water plants INTRODUCTION In Figure 3 , S32205 showed very stable passivity even after 20-days exposure with small increase of passive current. The current value was usually lower...

...Open-circuit potential passive film Hanford high-level radioactive waste INTRODUCTION Approximately 55 million gallons of radioactive waste is being stored in 177 carbon steel tanks at Hanford. Long-term performance and integrity of the tanks is partly dependent on modifying the waste chemistry...

... of LDSS sharply decreased at pH 4, and was lower than that of 316L at pH 2. Regardless of the pH, the passive film compositions of 316L and LDSS were the same, except for Mo compounds. Thus, the difference in the passive film stability of the two steels as the pH decreased was attributed to the difference...

... corrosion. However, carbon steels can become susceptible to localized corrosion (e.g., pitting) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the presence of certain aggressive constituents under passive conditions. Furthermore, the passive films that form on carbon steel evolve over time, resulting in changes...

... the polarization potential of the working electrode increases, the value of α and R_ct decreases while that of C increases. This indicates that a more electrically conductive passive film is formed on the working electrode surface with the increase of passivation potential...

... slow, uniform corrosion. However, carbon steels can be susceptible to localized corrosion (e.g., pitting) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the presence of certain aggressive constituents under passive conditions. Furthermore, the passive films that form on carbon steel evolve over time...

...INTRODUCTION Corrosion of carbon steel rebar in marine concrete structures remains a persistent problem. While carbon steel in the high pH concrete medium is capable of producing a passive film that naturally prevents corrosion, this film can be easily broken down by the presence of chloride...

...) testing. The M-S test was performed by first stepping the potential in the negative direction from the OCP and then immediately reversing the potential direction in positive steps; the direction in which the potential is stepped has been shown to have an impact on the M-S analysis of passive films...

... sectors, such as oil & gas (pipes and storage tanks), desalination (evaporators and pumps) and pulp and paper (digesters and bleaching reactors) industries. In this paper, the influence of alloying elements on the passive film properties is first investigated after surface preparation and after ageing...

... of S43400 stainless steel in CO₂-O₂ environment. Cl^- had a significant effect on stability of passive film of S43400 stainless steel. In solutions with two different Cl^- concentrations, the stability of passive film on S43400 stainless steel was low, while S31603...

... may also be an important component of crack velocity that should be considered in the life prediction. Finally, the application procedure of the new model is outlined. stress corrosion cracking corrosion fatigue pipeline steel passive film Introduction As was pointed out by Parkins, ¹...

... layer. Consequently, they proposed that the inner layer, rich in Cr, plays a crucial role in strengthening the passive oxide of Chromium-bearing alloys. In addition, alloys with higher Cr content show more resistance against dissolution. ²⁸ Thus, the passive film features are closely linked...

...According to the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) observations and XPS analysis, the passive films on nickel [ 21 , 22 ] iron [ 23 ], chromium [ 24 ], and their alloys [ 25 - 27 ] have a bi-layer structure: an outer layer of hydroxides and an inner oxide layer. As pointed out by Sato [ 13...

... reported that the Alloy 22 passive film becomes unstable in 1 M NaCl solution at 90 °C [194 °F] when the solution pH is adjusted to 2.0 by adding HCl. The instability of the passive film was manifested in the form of high general corrosion rates when the solution pH is close to 2.0. In this paper...