... with 150 eV resolution), operating at 20 keV and 10⁻⁶ Torr (7.5 X 10⁻⁶ kPa). Abstract We have performed a surface characterization study in attempts to identify the chemical species that constitute the iron fluoride-based passivation film in the anhydrous HF/carbon steel system...

...Carbon Steel Alkylation Anhydrous HF Iron Fluoride Residual Elements Selective Corrosion Microstructures of the pipe and flange consisted of ferrite and pearlite. Ferrite-pearlite banding was present in the flange, likely due to the relatively high manganese content in the flange steel...