... A 234, grade WPB) that exceed the API-specified limits contribute to higher corrosion rates when exposed to hydrofluoric acid. CONCLUSIONS A carbon steel elbow with a high concentration of REs exhibited significant localized wall loss; this was most likely caused by instability of the protective layer...

...Abstract Increasing interest in utilizing hydrofluoric acid (HF) for acid stimulation of offshore wells to improve hydrocarbon productivity has raised acid compatibility concerns with titanium alloy riser system components such as Titanium Stress Joints (TSJs). Recent published lab test findings...

... respectively, the corrosion rates of AM S31603 and AM N06210 became higher with increasing porosity of each specimen. Additive manufacturing Corrosion Localized corrosion N06210 S31603 Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid hydrofluoric acid INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) is a method to manufacture...

...titanium well acidizing acid stimulation hydrofluoric acid corrosion inhibitor BACKGROUND Abstract Increasing interest in utilizing hydrofluoric acid (HF) for acid stimulation of wells in the Gulf of Mexico to improve hydrocarbon productivity raised the question of acid chemical compatibility...

... acids (HF/HCl/organic). This paper summarizes the results of this testing and outlines recommendations for different alloys so that the operation can be performed in a safe manner without compromising the integrity of the production system. acid stimulation flowback hydrofluoric acid hydrochloric...

...Abstract The corrosion of raised face carbon steel flanges and subsequent build-up of a more voluminous iron fluoride scale has been a historic problem encountered by refining industry Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation processors. The iron fluoride build-up, which generally initiates on the inner...

... that the mixture of HNO₃-HF acids is the most corrosive environment tested and addition of Zr⁴⁺ ions reduce the damage caused by hydrofluoric acid by forming zirconium fluoride complexes. Also, the increase of temperatures leads to higher corrosion rates in all solutions used. 304L stainless...

.... Corrosion tests results are presented based on mass loss and surface appearance which includes microstructural and surface analysis. 304L Stainless steel centrifugal contactor hydrodynamic effects rotating cage nitric acid hydrofluoric acid erosion corrosion where, ∆w is mass loss in g; A is area...

... pipes, trenches for leak-tight seal Abstract Oil refineries use sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid as a catalyst in the alkylation of isobutene. Process wastewater streams discharging from alkylation units, where this process step takes place, are often characterized by a low pH. This low pH wastewater...

...nickel alloys hydrofluoric acid stress corrosion cracking corrosion rates internal attack INTRODUCTION Of the common halogen acids, hydrofluoric is the most difficult to deal with. Not only is it extremely hazardous, but also it attacks glass, titanium, zirconium, and tantalum, in addition...

...INTRODUCTION Alkylate produced from Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation (HFA) Units has become a critical blending component in today’s environment because of its high-octane gasoline blending and clean fuel burning characteristics. Both domestic and world wide demand for this fuel component has...

... HCl hydrofluoric acid HF ETFE dual-laminate ASME RTP-1 fiberglass reinforced plastic INTRODUCTION Two scrubbing systems were installed to remove waste gases from a refrigerant manufacturing plant. Each scrubbing system consisted of one scrubbing tower and one recirculation loop storage tank...

...Hydrofluoric acid aerated deaerated corrosion passivity potentiostatic polarization corrosion potentials stainless steels nickel alloys Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo alloys Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloys Fe-Ni- Cr-Cu-Mo alloys Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloys Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo alloys Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Cu alloys Ni-Cr-Mo alloys Ni...

... and hydrofluoric acids, and processing of nuclear materials in nitric hydrofluoric mixtures. Corrosion data and field experience show that Alloy 33 is typically the strongest candidate for applications involving highly oxidizing mineral acids. alloy 33 corrosion sulfuric acid nitric acid hydrofluoric acid...

... collection system has been used as a tool to build a database of actual operating conditions found in the unit, and the corresponding problems or damage observed. HF Alkylation Unit HFA hydrofluoric acid acid strength reliability corrosion stress corrosion cracking RBI risk Isostripper Depropanizer...

... * [email protected] Abstract Material selection for hydrofluoric acid (HF) service in the petroleum industry is critical due to the severe corrosive environment. Recommendations for material selection are derived from industry experience and some laboratory data. Despite the use...

... of the valves were torqued to different values and wetted with 3 wt% hydrofluoric acid (HF) (to simulate a small F₂ leak), 5% potassium iodide (KI), or commercial leak detection solution. Branched, intergranular cracks initiated in all the test environments at the highly stressed thread root areas...

...Abstract In 1995, there were two failures in the 20.000 BPD HF Alky unit at the Amuay Refinery causing a shutdown of the unit. The failures occurred in one flange and one weld in the depropanizer charge carbon steel pipe, containing propane, isobutane and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid at 190 F (88 C...

... -- N 0.20 * Maximum ** Minimum Abstract A variety of hydrogen fluoride containing gases, hydrofluoric acid condensates and hydrofluoric acid aqueous solutions are encountered in petrochemical and chemical process applications. A special laboratory test system has been designed to develop...

... in waste incinerators. The general and localized corrosion resistance behavior of alloys T, C-276, 686 and 59 was tested in different candidate solutions such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions, sulfuric-hydrochloric acid mixtures, hydrofluoric acid solutions in low concentrations...