...Abstract Scale control is vital for cooling water operations, and evaluation of best-fit scale inhibitors for the application is essential, for the scale treatment. One of the traditional test methods for industrial water scale inhibitor screening is static bottle testing. Recently, in other...

... wall loss on the outside diameter (water side). In one case, a through-wall leak developed resulting in ethylene gas entering the cooling water system. The total time in service at that point was 14 years. Failure analysis of the corroded UNS N04400 tubes concluded that under-deposit corrosion cells...

.... Safety concerns have driven cooling system users to implement alkaline treatment programs to facilitate acid feed reduction or elimination. Inorganic and/or organic phosphorus components in alkaline cooling water treatment (CWT) programs help prevent corrosion and scale formation. Collectively, water...

...Abstract The open recirculating cooling water system is one of main systems to cool process equipment in a chemical plant. The objective of cooling water system management is to maintain good water quality and ensure a stable supply cooling water to the plant. The quality of the cooling water...

... critical heat exchangers. Even after the fouling material was analyzed, the refinery staff and the on-site personnel of the WTSC did not connect the fouling to the lack of regular monitoring of poly and total phosphate in the cooling water. Regardless of how the responsibility is structured, the end...

...Abstract Make up water for cooling water systems is diversifying because water shortage becomes serious issue in many countries. Recently RO treated water and process condensate have started to be used as make up water. Calcium hardness in make up water forms corrosion protection film on metal...

... temperature of about 60~40 °C and the shell side is cooling water operating at a temperature of 35~45 °C and pH of ~8.5. The water is treated potable water. The tubes are carbon steel tubes made as per ASTM 210-A. Biofilm formation can alter the chemistry at the metal surface and therefore may create...

... applied to open recirculating cooling water systems with refrigerators and/or chillers at industrial factories and buildings to keep system performance at higher level and to reduce the risk of waterborne deceases such as Legionnaire’s disease. The biofouling control chemicals can be classified to two...

... and heavy metal free corrosion inhibition programs. Corrosion inhibitor cooling water scale-inhibitor electrochemistry test methods biodegradability INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE All experiments were carried out with aqueous solutions of approx. 60% solid content. If not indicated differently...

... associated with the water treatment and performance management of cooling waters on a holistic basis. This will allow for better definition of the risks in order to ensure the reliability required to obtain the rewards sought by management. Cooling system design compared to actual operational conditions may...

...Open evaporative recirculating cooling water systems share a common set of operating objectives. At the most basic level, the prevention of any unplanned loss in production, whether due to inadequate heat exchange or capital equipment failure is of paramount importance. Total production loss aside...

...Cooling Water stabilized phosphate corrosion inhibitor deposit control halogenation azole acrylic acid polymers Abstract Water conservation efforts in industrial water applications have led to increases in water concentration cycles in cooling towers. The increased stress can challenge...

.... The voltammograms show a wide passive region that can be found between -1.0 V to ~0.0 V for pH 6 and 8 but passivation begins at a more positive -0.75 V for pH 7. Expertise is being developed in all aspects of the cooling water program, including issues associated with the passivation of individual bundles, system...

... . October   2002 . Online Monitoring of Cooling Waters . NACE International Publication 21041 . 15 Boivin , J. 2009. "OSHOW 2009 Brackish Water Corrosion Issues" presentation . Oct. 28-29, 2009 . 16 NACE Standard TM0374-2007 . March   2007 . Laboratory Screening Tests to Determine...

... not a steady-state technique, CV can be used to give an indication of the relative rates of various processes. Abstract A combination of laboratory experimental studies and the results of real-world plant experience is being used to optimize the corporate cooling water program. All aspects of the program...

... was comparable that of the other commercially available polymeric dispersants in calcium phosphate beaker studies. The SAA polymer is one of the most widely used cooling water dispersants, based on total volume. For the past 20 years inorganic phosphate has been the most widely used steel corrosion inhibitor...

...-Cu-Zn-Sn braze alloys as a solution to sulfide-induced corrosion. EXPERIMENTAL Braze Alloys Abstract The corrosion behavior of copper and copper braze alloy junctions found in resistance welding transformers was studied using synthetic cooling water with and without sulfide contamination...

... exceptional corrosion protection of cooling system metals. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEEDURES AND DISCUSSION Abstract Corrosion rate studies were conducted in the laboratory on high total dissolved solids (TDS), zero liquid discharge (ZLD) cooling water. The cooling water had been treated with silica corrosion...

...Abstract Multifunctional cooling water treatment programs address scale and corrosion control through blends of inhibitors. Less than optimum ratios of inhibitors can result in product overfeed, increased costs, and in some cases, inhibitor induced fouling. This paper describes the use of computer...

...corrosion inhibitors efficiency inhibitor index cooling water INTRODUCTION Every time new corrosion inhibitors are examined, the problem of their comparative estimation under proprietary conditions arises again. First of all, we present a short review of this problem. Abstract The aim...