... on the static bulk data, some attention has been paid to surface conditions and hydrodynamic parameters. However, there is still no reconciliation between bulk precipitation and surface deposition. This study investigates the kinetics of CaCO₃ fouling by assessing the interplay between surface...

... based on the conventional tube blocking methodology was used to evaluate the surface formation of CaCO₃ under dynamic flowing conditions; an important attribute of this set-up is that saturation ratio (SR) remains constant in the capillary cell due to the short residence time of the flowing...

... corrosion was associated with the presence of Ca²⁺ and the inhomogeneity of the corrosion product layer. The corrosion attack became uniform when flow was introduced. calcium CO₂ corrosion CaCO₃ FeCO₃...

... developed and initial results were reported in a previous paper¹. The rig enables the mechanisms of both bulk precipitation and surface scaling to be assessed under different conditions while keeping the saturation ratio constant. In this study the kinetics and mechanisms of CaCO₃...

... CaCO₃ scale precipitation and deposition in-situ and in real-time measured in a once-through flow rig that allows for consideration and assessment of various scaling indices, temperatures, flow velocities, inhibitor concentrations and different surface treatments. In this first paper...

... (x + y =1). However, the presence of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ (1,000 and 10,000 ppm) resulted in the change of corrosion product from protective FeCO₃ to non-protective CaCO₃, and an increasing corrosion rate with time. While the general corrosion rate...

... carbonate (CaCO₃) and barium sulfate (BaSO₄) are common types of scale encountered in these sectors. Scale predictions are typically based on thermodynamics and tend not to give a time-based quantification of surface scale growth. Recent work clearly demonstrated that scale deposition...

...CaCO₃ precipitation and scaling studies were done using two experimental methods. The first was the standard NACE ² laboratory test modified to be more representative of urea solutions under SNCR conditions. The second procedure involved a simplified process simulation using...

... calculations do not always explain the complicated process of scale inhibition. Comparison is made of the effectiveness of two phosphonates, hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and amino methylene phosphonate (AMP), in scale inhibition of CaCO₃ and CaSO₄. Relative energy...

... CaCO₃ reversion environmental compliance INTRODUCTION Over the years the USEPA has promulgated many rules regulating the level of various species in drinking water for the purpose of protecting human health and well being. Also of concern to the USEPA is the impact of waste water/sludge discharge...

...polyamino acids polyaspartate antisealant atomic force microscopy molecular models calcite CaCO₃ INTRODUCTION Abstract Polyamino acids have potential utility due to their effectiveness in a variety of water treatment applications, their economic production...