There have also been significant increases in specialist alloy prices, which combined with long lead times for new equipment, can put projects into serious cost overruns.

A number of pipe projects which were originally specified in duplex and specialist alloys, have been completed using carbon steel lined with vinyl-ester glassflake, as a cost-effective long-term solution in aggressive service environments.

This paper will review work done using vinyl-ester glassflake materials and the application methods developed to ensure high quality application of the linings, this included the development of specialist application equipment. It will also review a number of case histories to demonstrate the coating’s suitability in aggressive service applications

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