Physico-chemical antifouling protection consists of either the hydrolysis of sea water to produce chlorine and other chemical species, the dissolution of a copper anode to produce copper ions, or a combination of both of these. These methods offer advantages over conventional antifouling paint-type coatings, including the ability to protect surfaces some distance away, control of antifouling properties to suit the conditions, and 5 to 10 times the useful life. Operating parameters are discussed for physico-chemical systems which provide effective fouling protection without excessive mortality of micro- or macro-organisms. Required concentrations of active chlorine and copper ions are established as a function of the flow rate and biological activity of sea water. Design, selection and operation of such systems is discussed, as well as possible applications in pipelines, heat exchangers and immersed marine structures.

Subject
Propellers, Water, Microbial activity, Structures, Pipelines, Ion concentrations, Maritime, Chlorine, Marine vessels, Copper, Biocides, Fouling, Electrolysis
Keywords:
antifouling, fouling, ships, pipelines, sea water, biocides, electrolysis
© 1995 Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of AMPP. Positions and opinions advanced in this work are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of AMPP. Responsibility for the content of the work lies solely with the author(s).
1995
Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
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