Many industrial plants are faced with the need to re-examine water use to minimize waste effluents and/or fresh water intake. The mass balance approach to water conservation provides a fundamental predictive model which can take into account complex process interactions as well as limiting factors such as scaling and corrosion potential of cascaded or recycled waters. Practical considerations and methods used to develop plant/process water and contaminant balances are discussed. Experience with the application of each of these methods in various industries is provided.

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