For optimal refractory service life, various factors must be assessed when refractories are used in incinerator applications. This paper explores high temperature chemical reactions between highly alkaline waste and assorted refractory composites. Alkali attack from destructive elements such as sodium and potash (salts) can often be the primary mode of lining wear. The results of laboratory evaluations are discussed. Insight is given as to recent discoveries on the changing mode of alkali attack in incinerators with highly alkaline waste.

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