Metallurgical analysis of failed boiler components is crucial to the correction of similar problems and ultimately to the reliable operation of the boiler. Waterside failures often require greater precaution in handling and preparing higher quality samples than other types of failures, primarily due to the frequent interaction with corrosion and deposits. Reviewed in this paper are the most common types of failures in both steam and water-cooled boiler tubes. Recommendations for field and laboratory practices are given to augment the information derived from failure investigation, with some consideration given to conducting analysis under less than ideal circumstances.

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