In the last ten years, regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency have resulted in a major increase in the use of concrete for vessels and other structures. This has caused an acceleration in studies of the problems involved in protecting concrete from an increasing number and variety of chemicals. A professor of civil engineering, introducing his unit on concrete, described it as "that bastard substance that cannot be repaired with itself or with any other known substance." That was 45 years ago. Since then, we have discovered that epoxy and polyester resins, and a few other synthetic polymers, do very well indeed in repairing and protecting "that bastard substance."

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