Phosphate compounds in boiler water treatment have been in use for the past sixty years. Throughout this period, boiler operating pressures have continued to increase, and conservation measures in both materials of construction and energy have resulted in units operating with higher heat transfer rates per square foot of boiler surface. Also at higher pressures these factors have placed different requirements on boiler water treatment. Phosphate treatments, in particular, are still used successfully in both small industrial boilers and the largest utility power plants. The following paper explores changes and improvements made in the basic phosphate program which has made it one of the most versatile forms of boiler water treatment.

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